Drawing on Strategic Management Approaches to Inform Nutrition Policy Design: An Applied Policy Analysis for Salt Reduction in Packaged Foods

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Menzies Centre for Health Policy, University of Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia

2 Food Policy Division, The George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia

3 The School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK

4 Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

5 The Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia

6 Department of Urban-Global Public Health, Rutgers School of Public Health, Newark, NJ, USA

7 Discipline of Marketing, University of Sydney Business School, Sydney, NSW, Australia

8 Global Obesity Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia

Abstract

Background
Nutrition policies to improve the food environment frequently rely on voluntary business action for implementation, many have had mixed success. The aims of this study were to identify key food system drivers influencing the Australian packaged food sector and analyse how these might impact the willingness of food companies to voluntarily reduce salt in packaged foods.
 
Methods
Business methods formed the basis of this retrospective applied policy analysis of voluntary salt reduction for the period 2013-2016 where the focal policy was the Australian Food and Health Dialogue (2009-2015). The analytical framework included political-legal, economic, social, technological (PEST) external drivers of the food system, and Porter’s Five Forces for the competitive drivers of the food system. Documentary data identifying food system drivers affecting the Australian packaged food sector (comprised of the food processing and supermarket industries) were identified through a comprehensive search of the grey and academic literatures.
 
Results
The interplay between external and competitive food system drivers created an environment in which voluntary salt reduction was found to be an uneasy fit. A high cost of doing business, soft growth, intense competition, asymmetry of power in favour of supermarkets, and marginal consumer interest in less salty food were found likely to create commercial disincentives to invest in voluntary salt reduction above more pressing commercial imperatives. Analysis of food manufacturing industries highlighted the highly contextual nature of food system drivers. Opportunities for nutrition policy included: support for ‘shared value’ in economic discourse; and, leveraging investor, supermarket, and the largely unrealised bargaining power of consumers.
 
Conclusion
Business frameworks can provide meaningful insights for nutrition policy on how food system drivers can thwart policy goals. Our analysis highlighted areas to incentivise voluntary action and illustrated the importance of political-legal, economic and consumer strategies for salt reduction.

Keywords

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History

  • Receive Date: 28 May 2020
  • Revise Date: 07 October 2020
  • Accept Date: 07 October 2020
  • First Publish Date: 01 November 2020

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