1. Cochrane AL. Effectiveness and Efficiency: Random Reflections on Health Services. London: Royal Society of Medicine Press; 1999.
2. Rayleigh L.
Report of the fifty-fourth meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science; held at Montreal in August and September 1884. London: John Murray; 1885. p. 3-23. doi:
10.5962/bhl.title.38241
3. Glass GV. Primary, Secondary, and Meta-Analysis of Research. Educ Res 1976; 5: 3–8.
4. The Cochrane Collaboration. Working together to provide the best evidence for health care [Internet]. [cited 2011 May 16]. Available from: http://www.cochrane.org/
5. Sartorius N, Shapiro R, Kimura M, Barrett K. WHO international pilot study of schizophrenia.
Psychol Med 1972; 2: 422–5. doi:
10.1017/s0033291700045244
6. Moll C, Gessler U, Bartsch S, El-Sayeh HG, Fenton M, Adams CE. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and productivity of schizophrenia trials: an ecological study.
BMC Psychiatry 2003; 3: 18. doi:
10.1186/1471-244X-3-18
7. Nasser M, Tibi A, Savage-Smith E. Ibn Sina’s Canon of Medicine: 11th century rules for assessing the effects of drugs.
J R Soc Med 2009; 102: 78–80. doi:
10.1258/jrsm.2008.08k040
9. Davis JM. Overview: maintenance therapy in psychiatry: I. Schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1975; 132: 1237–45.
10. Chalmers I. The Cochrane collaboration: preparing, maintaining, and disseminating systematic reviews of the effects of health care.
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993; 703: 156–63. doi:
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb26345.x
11. Lau J, Antman EM, Jimenez-Silva J, Kupelnick B, Mosteller F, Chalmers TC. Cumulative meta-analysis of therapeutic trials for myocardial infarction.
N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 248–54. doi:
10.1056/nejm199207233270406
12. Association for Evidence-Based Medicine. Damascus Course [Internet]. [cited 2013 Feb 10]. Available from: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Association-for-Evidence-Based-Medicine/157205847667347
13. WHO. mhGAP Intervention Guide for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in non-specialized health settings [Internet]. [cited 2011 Sep 15]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mental_health/evidence/mhGAP_intervention_guide/en/index.html
14. Thorpe KE, Zwarenstein M, Oxman AD, Treweek S, Furberg CD, Altman DG,
et al. A pragmatic-explanatory continuum indicator summary (PRECIS): a tool to help trial designers.
J Clin Epidemiol 2009; 62: 464–75. doi:
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.12.011
15. Collaborative Eclampsia Group. Which anticonvulsant for women with eclampsia? Evidence from the Collaborative Eclampsia Trial.
Lancet 1995; 345: 1455–63. doi:
10.1016/s0140-6736(95)91034-4
16. Chen ZM, Jiang LX, Chen YP, Xie JX, Pan HC, Peto R, et al. Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 1607–21.
17. Huf G, Coutinho ESF, Adams CE. Physical restraints versus seclusion room for management of people with acute aggression or agitation due to psychotic illness (TREC-SAVE): a randomized trial.
Psychol Med 2012; 42: 2265–73. doi:
10.1017/S0033291712000372
18. TREC Collaborative Group. Rapid tranquillisation for agitated patients in emergency psychiatric rooms: a randomised trial of midazolam versus haloperidol plus promethazine.
BMJ 2003; 327: 708–13. doi:
10.1136/bmj.327.7417.708
19. Alexander J, Tharyan P, Adams C, John T, Mol C, Philip J. Rapid tranquillisation of violent or agitated patients in a psychiatric emergency setting. Pragmatic randomised trial of intramuscular lorazepam v. haloperidol plus promethazine.
Br J Psychiatry J Ment Sci 2004; 185: 63–9. doi:
10.1192/bjp.185.1.63
20. Raveendran NS, Tharyan P, Alexander J, Adams CE. Rapid tranquillisation in psychiatric emergency settings in India: pragmatic randomised controlled trial of intramuscular olanzapine versus intramuscular haloperidol plus promethazine.
BMJ 2007; 335: 865. doi:
10.1136/bmj.39341.608519.be
21. Huf G, Coutinho ESF, Adams CE. Rapid tranquillisation in psychiatric emergency settings in Brazil: pragmatic randomised controlled trial of intramuscular haloperidol versus intramuscular haloperidol plus promethazine.
BMJ 2007; 335: 869. doi:
10.1136/bmj.39339.448819.ae
22. NICE. Violence: The short-term management of disturbed/violent behaviour in in-patient psychiatric settings and emergency departments [Internet]. [cited 2010 Nov 23]. Available from: http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG25/
23. Takriti Y, El-Sayeh HG, Adams CE. Internet-based search of randomised trials relevant to mental health originating in the Arab world. BMC Psychiatry 2005; 5: 30.