ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Unequal Gain of Equal Resources across Racial Groups
The health effects of economic resources (eg, education, employment, and living place) and psychological assets (eg, self-efficacy, perceived control over life, anger control, and emotions) are well-known. This article summarizes the results of a growing body of evidence documenting Blacks’ diminished return, defined as a systematically smaller health gain from economic resources and psychological assets for Blacks in comparison to Whites. Due to structural barriers that Blacks face in their daily lives, the very same resources and assets generate smaller health gain for Blacks compared to Whites. Even in the presence of equal access to resources and assets, such unequal health gain constantly generates a racial health gap between Blacks and Whites in the United States. In this paper, a number of public policies are recommended based on these findings. First and foremost, public policies should not merely focus on equalizing access to resources and assets, but also reduce the societal and structural barriers that hinder Blacks. Policy solutions should aim to reduce various manifestations of structural racism including but not limited to differential pay, residential segregation, lower quality of education, and crime in Black and urban communities. As income was not found to follow the same pattern demonstrated for other resources and assets (ie, income generated similar decline in risk of mortality for Whites and Blacks), policies that enforce equal income and increase minimum wage for marginalized populations are essential. Improving quality of education of youth and employability of young adults will enable Blacks to compete for high paying jobs. Policies that reduce racism and discrimination in the labor market are also needed. Without such policies, it will be very difficult, if not impossible, to eliminate the sustained racial health gap in the United States.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3398_55441e06c9afea3440d3fcceaffcf48a.pdf
2018-01-01
1
9
10.15171/ijhpm.2017.90
Racial Health Disparities
Structural Barriers
Racism
Health Policy
Public Policy
Shervin
Assari
assari@umich.edu
1
Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health (CRECH), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Conti G, Heckman J, Urzua S. The education-health gradient. Am Econ Rev. 2010;100(2):234-238. Doi:10.1257/aer.100.2.234
1
Everson-Rose SA, Lewis TT. Psychosocial factors and cardiovascular diseases. Annu Rev Public Health. 2005;26:469-500.
2
Mirowsky J, Ross CE. Life course trajectories of perceived control and their relationship to education. Am J Sociol. 2007;112:1339-1382.
3
Ross CE, Mirowsky J. Explaining the social patterns of depression: control and problem solving--or support and talking? J Health Soc Behav. 1989;30(2):206-219.
4
Bobak M, Pikhart H, Hertzman C, Rose R, Marmot M. Socioeconomic factors, perceived control and self-reported health in Russia. A cross-sectional survey. Soc Sci Med. 1998;47(2):269-279.
5
Ward MM. Sense of control and self-reported health in a population-based sample of older Americans: assessment of potential confounding by affect, personality, and social support. Int J Behav Med. 2013;20(1):140-147. doi: 10.1007/s12529-011-9218-x
6
Mirowsky J, Ross CE. Education, Social Status, and Health. New York: Aldine de Gruyter; 2003.
7
Syme SL. Control and health: a personal perspective. In: Steptoe A, Appels A, ed. Stress, Personal Control and Health. London: Wiley; 1989:3-18.
8
Matthews KA, Gallo LC. Psychological perspectives on pathways linking socioeconomic status and physical health. Annu Rev Psychol. 2011;62:501.
9
Zilioli S, Imami L, Slatcher RB. Socioeconomic status, perceived control, diurnal cortisol, and physical symptoms: a moderated mediation model. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2016;75:36-43. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.09.025
10
Phelan JC, Link BG, Tehranifar P. Social conditions as fundamental causes of health inequalities: theory, evidence, and policy implications. J Health Soc Behav 2010;51(suppl):S28–S40. Doi:10.1177/0022146510383498
11
Link B, Phelan J. Social conditions as fundamental causes of disease. J Health Soc Behav. 1995;36:80-94. Doi:10.2307/2626958
12
Farmer MM, Ferraro KF. Are racial disparities in health conditional on socioeconomic status? Soc Sci Med. 2005;60(1):191-204.
13
Bowen ME, González HM. Childhood socioeconomic position and disability in later life: results of the health and retirement study. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(suppl 1):S197-S203. Doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.160986
14
McDonough P, Williams DR, House JS, Duncan GJ. Gender and the socioeconomic gradient in mortality. J Health Soc Behav. 1999 40(1):17–31. Doi:10.2307/2676376
15
Marmot MG, Stansfeld S, Patel C, et al. Health inequalities among British civil servants: the Whitehall II study. Lancet. 1991;337(8754):1387-1393.
16
Johnson-Lawrence VD, Griffith DM, Watkins DC. The effects of race, ethnicity and mood/anxiety disorders on the chronic physical health conditions of men from a national sample. Am J Mens Health. 2013;7(4S):58S-67S. doi:10.1177/1557988313484960
17
Stringhini S, Dugravot A, Shipley M, et al. Health behaviours, socioeconomic status, and mortality: further analyses of the British Whitehall II and the French GAZEL prospective cohorts. PLoS Med. 2011;8(2):e1000419. Doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000419
18
Leopold L, Engelhardt H. Education and physical health trajectories in old age. Evidence from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Int J Public Health. 2013;58(1):23-31. Doi:10.1007/s00038-012-0399-0
19
Herd P, Goesling B, House JS. Socioeconomic position and health: the differential effects of education versus income on the onset versus progression of health problems. J Health Soc Behav. 2007;48(3):223-238. Doi:10.1177/002214650704800302
20
Gueorguieva R, Sindelar JL, Falba TA, et al. The impact of occupation on self-rated health: cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from the health and retirement survey. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2009;64(1):118-124. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbn006
21
Hummer RA, Hernandez EM. The effect of educational attainment on adult mortality in the United States. Population Bulletin. 2013;68(1):1-18.
22
Surtees PG, Wainwright NW, Luben R, Khaw KT, Day NE. Mastery, sense of coherence, and mortality: evidence of independent associations from the EPIC-Norfolk Prospective Cohort Study. Health Psychol. 2006;25(1):102-210.
23
Krause N, Shaw BA. Role-specific feelings of control and mortality. Psychol Aging. 2000;15(4):617-626.
24
Turiano NA, Chapman BP, Agrigoroaei S, Infurna FJ, Lachman M. Perceived control reduces mortality risk at low, not high, education levels. Health Psychol. 2014;33(8):883-890. Doi:10.1037/hea0000022
25
Everson-Rose SA, House JS, Mero RP. Depressive symptoms and mortality risk in a national sample: confounding effects of health status. Psychosom Med. 2004;66(6):823-830.
26
Roepke SK, Grant I. Toward a more complete understanding of the effects of personal mastery on cardiometabolic health. Health Psychol. 2011;30(5):615-632. doi: 10.1037/a0023480
27
Surtees PG, Wainwright NW, Luben R, Wareham NJ, Bingham SA, Khaw KT. Mastery is associated with cardiovascular disease mortality in men and women at apparently low risk. Health Psychol. 2010;29(4):412-420.
28
Infurna FJ, Gerstorf D, Ram N, Schupp J, Wagner GG. Long-term antecedents and outcomes of perceived control. Psychol Aging. 2011;26(3):559-575. doi: 10.1037/a0022890
29
Gerstorf D, Heckhausen J, Ram N, Infurna FJ, Schupp J, Wagner GG. Perceived personal control buffers terminal decline in well-being. Psychol Aging. 2014;29(3):612-625. doi: 10.1037/a0037227
30
Pudrovska T, Schieman S, Pearlin LI, Nguyen K. The sense of mastery as a mediator and moderator in the association between economic hardship and health in late life. J Aging Health. 2005;17(5):634-660.
31
Assari S, Lankarani MM. Race and Urbanity Alter the Protective Effect of Education but not Income on Mortality. Front Public Health. 2016;4:100. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2016.00100
32
Assari S, Assari S. Life expectancy gain due to employment status depends on race, gender, education, and their intersections. J Racial Ethnic Health Dispar. 2017. doi: 10.1007/s40615-017-0381-x
33
Assari S. Perceived neighborhood safety better predicts 25-year mortality risk among Whites than Blacks. J Racial Ethnic Health Dispar. 2016. doi: 10.1007/s40615-016-0297-x.
34
Assari S, Lankarani MM, Burgard SA. Black White difference in long term predictive power of self-rated health on all-cause mortality in United States. Ann Epidemiol. 2016;26(2):106-114. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.11.006
35
Assari S, Burgard SA, Zivin K. Long term reciprocal associations between depression and chronic medical conditions; longitudinal support for Black-White health paradox. J Racial Ethnic Health Dispar. 2015;2:589-597. doi: 10.1007/s40615-015-0116-9
36
Assari S, Moazen-Zadeh E, Lankarani MM, Micol-Foster V. Race, depressive symptoms, and all-cause mortality in the United States. Front Public Health. 2016;4:40. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00040
37
Assari S, Lankarani MM. Chronic medical conditions and negative affect; racial variation in reciprocal associations over time. Front Psychiatr. 2016;7:140. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00140.
38
Assari S. Hostility, anger, and cardiovascular mortality among Blacks and Whites. Res Cardiovasc Med. 2016. doi: 10.5812/cardiovascmed.34029.
39
Assari S, Sonnega A, Leggett A, Pepin RL. Residual effects of restless sleep over depressive symptoms on chronic medical conditions: race by gender differences. J Racial Ethnic Health Dispar. 2017;4(1):59-69. doi: 10.1007/s40615-015-0202-z
40
Assari S. General self-efficacy and mortality in the USA; racial differences. J Racial Ethnic Health Dispar. 2016. Doi: 10.1007/s40615-016-0278-0
41
Assari S. Race, sense of control over life, and short-term risk of mortality among older adults in the United States. Arch Med Sci. 2016. 1-8. doi: 10.5114/aoms.2016.59740
42
Assari S, Burgard SA, Black-White differences in the effect of baseline depressive symptoms on deaths due to renal diseases: 25 year follow up of a nationally representative community sample. J Renal Inj Prev. 2015;4(4):127-135.
43
Assari S, Nikahd A, Malekahmadi MR, Lankarani MM, Zamanian H. Race by gender group differences in the protective effects of socioeconomic factors against sustained health problems across five domains. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2016. doi: 10.1007/s40615-016-0291-3
44
Assari S. Combined racial and gender differences in the long-term predictive role of education on depressive symptoms and chronic medical conditions. J Racial Ethnic Health Dispar. 2017;4(3):385-396. doi: 10.1007/s40615-016-0239-7
45
Assari S. Ethnic and gender differences in additive effects of socio-economics, psychiatric disorders, and subjective religiosity on suicidal ideation among blacks. Int J Prev Med. 2015;6:53.
46
Assari S. Psychosocial correlates of body mass index in the United States: intersection of race, gender and age. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2016;10(2):e3458. doi: 10.17795/ijpbs-3458
47
Assari S, Lankarani MM. Education and alcohol consumption among older Americans; Black-White Differences. Front Public Health. 2016;4:67. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00067.
48
Assari S, Lankarani MM. Association between Stressful Life Events and Depression; Intersection of Race and Gender. J Racial Ethnic Health Dispar. 2016;3(2):349-356. doi:10.1007/s40615-015-0160-5.
49
Assari S. Association between obesity and depression among American Blacks: role of ethnicity and gender. J Racial Ethnic Health Dispar. 2014;1:36-44. doi:10.1007/s40615-014-0007-5.
50
Assari S, Thomas A, Cadlwell C, Mincey R. Family socioeconomic status at birth and youth obesity at age 15; race and gender differences in a national urban sample. Journal Urban Health. 2017; Forthcoming.
51
Assari S. Socioeconomic status a vulnerability factor among African American youth; a study of discrimination – depression link. Behav Sci. 2017; Forthcoming.
52
Assari S. Family socioeconomic status protects Whites but not Blacks against a decline in self-rated health. Behav Sci. 2017; Forthcoming.
53
Assari S, Lankarani MM. The association between obesity and weight loss intention weaker among Blacks and Men than Whites and women. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2015;2(3):414-420. doi: 10.1007/s40615-015-0115-x
54
Kessler RC, Mickelson KD, Williams DR. The prevalence, distribution, and mental health correlates of perceived discrimination in the United States. J Health Soc Behav. 1999;40(3):208-230.
55
Geronimus AT, Pearson JA, Linnenbringer E, et al. Race-ethnicity, poverty, urban stressors, and telomere length in a detroit community-based sample. J Health Soc Behav. 2015;56(2):199-224. doi: 10.1177/0022146515582100
56
Ferraro KF, Kelley-Moore JA. Self-rated health and mortality among black and white adults examining the dynamic evaluation thesis. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. 2001;56(4):S195-S205.
57
Zajacova A, Dowd JB. Reliability of self-rated health in US adults. Am J Epidemiol, 2011;174(8):977-983.
58
Fuller-Rowell TE, Doan SN, Eccles JS. Differential effects of perceived discrimination on the diurnal cortisol rhythm of African Americans and Whites. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2012;37(1):107-118. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.05.011.
59
Fuller-Rowell TE, Curtis DS, Doan SN, Coe CL. Racial disparities in the health benefits of educational attainment: a study of inflammatory trajectories among African American and white adults. Psychosom Med. 2015;77(1):33-40. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000128
60
Miller JE, Korenman S. Poverty and children's nutritional status in the United States. Am J Epidemiol. 1994;140(3):233-243.
61
Allen AJ, Kuczmarski MF, Evans MK, Zonderman AB, Waldstein SR. Race Differences in Diet Quality of Urban Food-Insecure Blacks and Whites Reveals Resiliency in Blacks. J Racial Ethnic Health Dispar. 2016;3(4):706-712.
62
Barnes LL, de Leon CF, Lewis TT, Bienias JL, Wilson RS, Evans DA. Perceived discrimination and mortality in a population-based study of older adults. Am J Public Health. 2008;98(7):1241-1247. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2007.114397
63
Tang M, Stern Y, Marder K, et al. The APOE- 3 4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer disease among African Americans, whites, and Hispanics. JAMA. 1998;279(10):751-755.
64
Rajan KB, Barnes LL, Wilson RS, Evans DA, Mendes de Leon CF. Racial differences on association of depressive symptoms with combined basic and instrumental activities of daily living. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014;69(2):215-222. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glt074
65
Everson-Rose SA, Skarupski KA, Barnes LL, Beck T, Evans DA, Mendes de Leon CF. Neighborhood socioeconomic conditions are associated with psychosocial functioning in older black and white adults. Health Place. 2011;17(3):793-800. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2011.02.007
66
Koebnick C, Fischer H, Daley MF, et al. Interacting effects of obesity, race, ethnicity and sex on the incidence and control of adult-onset asthma. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2016;12:50.
67
Kubzansky L, Berkman L, Seeman T. Social conditions and distress in elderly person: Findings from the MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2000;55B(4):P238-P246.
68
Gavin AR, Rue T, Takeuchi D. Racial/ethnic differences in the association between obesity and major depressive disorder: findings from the Comprehensive Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys. Public Health Rep. 2010;125(5):698-708.
69
Calle EE, Thun MJ, Petrelli JM, Rodriguez C, Heath CW Jr. Body-mass index and mortality in a prospective cohort of U.S. adults. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(15):1097-1105.
70
Stevens J. Obesity and mortality in Africans-Americans. Nutr Rev. 2000;58(11):346-353.
71
Hogue CJ, Buehler JW, Strauss LT, Smith JC. Overview of the National Infant Mortality Surveillance (NIMS) project--design, methods, results. Public Health Rep. 1987;102(2):126-138.
72
Cené CW, Halladay JR, Gizlice Z, et al. Associations between subjective social status and physical and mental health functioning among patients with hypertension. J Health Psychol. 2016;21(11):2624-2635.
73
Ebong IM, Lopez MR, Kanner AM, Wallace DM. The relationship between mood disorder and insomnia depends on race in US veterans with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2017;70:80-86.
74
Shaw BA, Krause N. Exploring race variations in aging and personal control. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2001;56(2):S119-S124.
75
Plotnick RD, Garfinkel I, McLanahan SS, Ku I. Better child support enforcement: Can it reduce teenage premarital childbearing? J Fam Issues. 2004;25(5):634-657.
76
Gardener H, Wright CB, Cabral D, et al. Mediterranean diet and carotid atherosclerosis in the Northern Manhattan Study. Atherosclerosis. 2014;234(2):303-310. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.03.011
77
Katzmarzyk PT, Mire E, Bray GA, Greenway FL, Heymsfield SB, Bouchard C. Anthropometric markers of obesity and mortality in white and African American adults: the pennington center longitudinal study. Obesity. 2013;21(5):1070-1075. doi: 10.1002/oby.20151
78
Anderson KO, Mendoza TR, Valero V, et al. Minority cancer patients and their providers: pain management attitudes and practice. Cancer. 2000;88:1929-1938.
79
Maynard JW, Fang H, Petri M. Low socioeconomic status is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol. 2012;39(4):777-783. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.110724
80
Samuel LJ, Thorpe RJ Jr, Bower KM, LaVeist TA. Community characteristics are associated with blood pressure levels in a racially integrated community. J Urban Health. 2015;92(3):403-414. doi: 10.1007/s11524-015-9936-5
81
Malat J, Mayorga-Gallob S, Williams DR. The effects of whiteness on the health of whites in the USA. Soc Sci Med. 2017. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.06.034.
82
Williams DR, Collins C. U.S. socioeconomic and racial differences in health: patterns and explanations. Annu Rev Sociol. 1995;21:349-386.
83
Kessler RC, Neighbors HW. A new perspective on the relationships among race, social class, and psychological distress. J Health Soc Behav. 1986;27:107-115.
84
Mehta N, Preston S. Are major behavioral and sociodemographic risk factors for mortality additive or multiplicative in their effects? Soc Sci Med. 2016;154:93-99. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.02.009.
85
Kaufman JS, Cooper RS, McGee DL. Socioeconomic status and health in blacks and whites: the problem of residual confounding and the resiliency of race. Epidemiology. 1997;8(6):621-628.
86
Brown TH, O'Rand AM, Adkins DE. Race-ethnicity and health trajectories: tests of three hypotheses across multiple groups and health outcomes. J Health Soc Behav. 2012;53(3):359-377. doi: 10.1177/0022146512455333
87
Dressler WW. Health in the African-American community: accounting for health inequalities. Med Anthropol Q. 1993;7:325-345.
88
Collins SM. The Making of the Black Middle Class. Social Problems. 1983;30(4):369-382.
89
Wilhelm M. Controversy: In America’s pastime, says Frank Robinson, White is the color of the game off the field. People. http://people.com/archive/in-americas-national-pastime-says-frank-robinson-white-is-the-color-of-the-game-off-the-field-vol-27-no-17/. Published 1987.
90
Williams DR, Priest N, Anderson NB. Understanding associations among race, socioeconomic status, and health: Patterns and prospects. Health Psychol. 2016;35(4):407.
91
James SA. John Henryism and the health of African-Americans. Cult Med Psychiatry. 1994;18(2):163-182.
92
Sellers SL, Neighbors HW. Effects of goal-striving stress on the mental health of Black Americans. J Health Soc Behav. 2008;49(1):92-103.
93
Bennett GG, Merritt MM, Sollers III JJ, et al. Stress, coping, and health outcomes among African-Americans: A review of the John Henryism hypothesis. Psychol Health. 2004;19(3):369-383.
94
Hudson DL, Neighbors HW, Geronimus AT, Jackson JS. Racial discrimination, John Henryism, and depression among African Americans. J Black Psychol. 2016;42(3):221-243.
95
James SA, Strogatz DS, Wing SB, Ramsey DL. Socioeconomic status, John Henryism, and hypertension in blacks and whites. Am J Epidemiol. 1987;126(4):664-673.
96
Duijkers TJ, Drijver M, Kromhout D, James SA. John Henryism and blood pressure in a Dutch population. Psychosom Med. 1988;50:353-359.
97
Mujahid MS, James SA, Kaplan GA, Salonen JT. Socioeconomic position, John Henryism, and incidence of acute myocardial infarction in Finnish men. Soc Sci Med. 2017;173:54-62. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.11.034.
98
Krieger N. Methods for the scientific study of discrimination and health: an ecosocial approach. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(5):936-944. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300544.
99
Gee GC, Ford CL. Structural racism and health inequities: old issues, new directions. Du Bois Rev. 2011;8(1):115-132.
100
Williams DR, Mohammed SA. Racism and health I: pathways and scientific evidence. Am Behav Sci. 2013;57(8). doi: 10.1177/0002764213487340.
101
Agency for Healthcare Research & Quality: Population Health: Behavioral and Social Science Insights. Understanding the Relationship Between Education and Health; 2015. http://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/education/curriculum-tools/population-health/zimmerman.html
102
Warner DF, Hayward MD. Early-life origins of the race gap in men's mortality. J Health Soc Behav. 2006;47(3):209-226.
103
Colen CG. Addressing racial disparities in health using life course perspectives: toward a constructive criticism. Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race. 2011;8(1):79-94.
104
Monnat SM. Race/ethnicity and the socioeconomic status gradient in women’s cancer screening utilization: a case of diminishing returns? J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2014;25(1):332-356.
105
Huffman ML, Cohen PN. Racial wage inequality: job segregation and devaluation across US labor markets. Am J Sociology. 2004;109(4):902-936.
106
Tomaskovic-Devey D. The gender and race composition of jobs and the male/female, white/black pay gaps. Soc Forces. 1993;72(1):45-76.
107
Jencks C, Mayer SE. Residential Segregation, Job Proximity, and Black Job Opportunities. Inner-City Poverty in the United States; 1990:187-222.
108
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. Occupational employment by race and ethnicity, 2011. https://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2012/ted_20121026.htm. Accessed July 22, 2017.
109
Marmot M. The Health Gap: The Challenge of an Unequal World. Bloomsbury Publishing; 2015.
110
The Institute for Women’s Policy Research (IWPR). Importance of Social Security by Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Marital Status. http://www.iwpr.org/publications/pubs/importance-of-social-security-by-gender-race-ethnicity-and-marital-status-2010. Accessed July 2017. Published 2010.
111
Grogger J. Does school quality explain the recent black/white wage trend? J Labor Econ. 1996:231-253.
112
Gee GC, Ford CL. Structural racism and health inequities: old issues, new directions. Du Bois Rev. 2011;8(1):115-132.
113
Reskin B. The race discrimination system. Annu Rev Sociol. 2012;38:17-35. doi: 10.1146/annurev-soc-071811-145508.
114
Williams DR, Mohammed SA. Racism and health II: a needed research agenda for effective interventions. Am Behav Sci. 2013;57(8). doi: 10.1177/0002764213487341.
115
Geronimus AT, James SA, Destin M, et al. Jedi Public Health: co-creating an identity-safe culture to promote health equity. SSM Popul Health. 2016;2:105-116.
116
Walberg HJ, Tsai SL. Matthew effects in education. Am Educ Res J. 1983;20(3):359-373.
117
Shaywitz BA, Shaywitz SE, Pugh KR, Constable RT. Sex differences in the functional organization of the brain for language. Nature. 1995;373(6515):607.
118
National Center for Health Statistics. Health United States 1993. Hyattsville, MD: USDHHS; 1994.
119
Kochanek KD, Maurer JD, Rosenberg HM. Why did black life expectancy decline from 1984 through 1989 in the United States? Am J Public Health. 1994;84:938-944.
120
Williams DR, Collins C. U.S. socioeconomic and racial differences in health: patterns and explanations. Annu Rev Sociol. 1995;21:349-386.
121
Kitagawa EM, Hauser PM. Differential Mortality in the United States: A Study in Socioeconomic Epidemiology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 1973.
122
Feldman JJ, Makuc DM, Kleinman JC, Cornoni-Huntley J. National trends in educational differentials in mortality. Am J Epidemiol. 1989;129(9):19-33.
123
Duleep HO. Measuring socioeconomic mortality differentials overtime. Demography. 1989;26:345-351.
124
Pappas G, Queen S, Hadden W, Fisher G. The increasing disparity in mortality between socioeconomic groups in the United States, 1960 and 1986. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:103-115.
125
Wagener DK, Schatzkin A. Temporal trends in the socioeconomic gradient for breast cancer mortality among U.S. women. Am J Public Health. 1994;84:1003-1006.
126
Rowley DL, Hogue CJR, Blackmore AC, et al. Preterm delivery among African-American women: a research strategy. Am J Prev Med. 1993;9:14.
127
Castro KG. Distribution of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and other sexually transmitted diseases in racial and ethnic populations, United States: influences of life-style and socioeconomic status. Ann Epidemiol. 1993;3:181-184.
128
Pager D, Shepherd H. The sociology of discrimination: racial discrimination in employment, housing, credit, and consumer markets. Annu Rev Sociol. 2008;34:181-209.
129
Rabinowitz JL, Sears DO, Sidanius J, Krosnick JA. Why do White Americans oppose race-targeted policies? Clarifying the impact of symbolic racism. Polit Psychol. 2009;30(5):805-828.
130
Williams DR. Miles to go before we sleep: Racial inequities in health. J Health Soc Behav. 2012;53(3):279-295.
131
Ceci SJ, Papierno PB. The rhetoric and reality of gap closing: when the "have-nots" gain but the "haves" gain even more. Am Psychol. 2005;60(2):149-160.
132
Williams DR, Purdie-Vaughns V. Needed interventions to reduce racial/ethnic disparities in health. J Health Polit Policy Law. 2016;41(4):627-651. doi: 10.1215/03616878-3620857
133
Lorenc T, Petticrew M, Welch V, Tugwell P. What types of interventions generate inequalities? Evidence from systematic reviews. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2013;67(2):190-193. doi: 10.1136/jech-2012-201257
134
Williams DR, Mohammed SA, Leavell J, Collins C. Race, socioeconomic status, and health: complexities, ongoing challenges, and research opportunities. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010;1186:69-101. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05339.x
135
Fuller-Rowell TE, Doan SN. The social costs of academic success across ethnic groups. Child Dev. 2010;81(6):1696-1713. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01504.x
136
Hummer RA, Ellison CG, Rogers RG, Moulton BE, Romero RR. Religious involvement and adult mortality in the United States: review and perspective. South Med J. 2004;97(12):1223-1230.
137
Hummer RA, Rogers RG, Nam CB, Ellison CG. Religious involvement and U.S. adult mortality. Demography. 1999;36(2):273-285.
138
Keyes CL. The Black-White paradox in health: flourishing in the face of social inequality and discrimination. J Pers. 2009;77(6):1677-1706. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00597.x
139
Ryff CD, Keyes CL, Hughes DL. Status inequalities, perceived discrimination, and eudaimonic well-being: do the challenges of minority life hone purpose and growth? J Health Soc Behav. 2003;44(3):275-291.
140
Kessler RC. Stress, social status, and psychological distress. J Health Soc Behav. 1979;20:259-272.
141
Krause N. Assessing supportive social exchanges inside and outside religious institutions: Exploring variations among Whites, Hispanics, and Blacks. Social Indicators Research. 2016;128(1):131-146.
142
Krause N, Ironson G. Positive God images and positive emotions toward God: exploring variations among Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics. Pastoral Psychology. 2017;66(2):269-280.
143
Krause N. Church-based social support and health in old age: exploring variations by race. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2002;57(6):S332-S347.
144
Assari S. Race and ethnicity, religion involvement, church-based social support and subjective health in United States: a case of Moderated Mediation. Int J Prev Med. 2013;4(2):208-217.
145
Reese AM, Thorpe RJ Jr, Bell CN, Bowie JV, LaVeist TA. The effect of religious service attendance on race differences in depression: findings from the EHDIC-SWB study. J Urban Health. 2012;89(3):510-518. doi: 10.1007/s11524-011-9659-1.
146
Lincoln KD, Chatters LM, Taylor RJ. Psychological distress among Black and White Americans: differential effects of social support, negative interaction and personal control. J Health Soc Behav. 2003;44(3):390-407.
147
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Health Priorities in French-Speaking Swiss Cantons
In Switzerland, the federal authorities, the cantons, and the communes share the responsibility of healthcare, disease prevention and health promotion policies. Yet, the cantons are in most health matters independent in their decisions, thus defining as a matter of fact their own health priorities. We examined and analysed the content of the disease prevention and health promotion plans elaborated during the last decade in six French-speaking cantons with different political contexts and resources, but quite similar population health data, in order to identify the set health priorities.The plans appear significantly inhomogeneous in their structure, scope and priorities. Most of the formal documents are short, in the 16 to 40 pages range. Core values such as equity, solidarity and sustainability are explicitly put forward in 2/6 cantonal plans. Priority health issues shared by all 6 cantons are “physical activity/sedentariness” and “nutrition/food.” Mental health is explicitly mentioned in 5 cantonal plans, whereas tobacco and alcohol consumptions are mentioned 4 times. Less attention has been given to topics that appear as major public health challenges at present and in the future in Switzerland, eg, ageing of the population, rise of social inequalities, increase of vulnerable populations. Little attention has also been paid to issues like domestic violence or healthy work environments.Despite some heterogeneity, there is a common base that should make inter-cantonal collaborations possible and coordination with national strategies easily feasible.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3396_3b22d340d0220e046c6434eb2a8b4711.pdf
2018-01-01
10
14
10.15171/ijhpm.2017.91
Health Policy
Health Promotion
Disease Prevention
Health Priorities
Philippe
Chastonay
philippe.chastonay@unige.ch
1
University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
LEAD_AUTHOR
Jean
Simos
jean.simos@unige.ch
2
Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
AUTHOR
Nicolas
Cantoreggi
nicola.catoreggi@unige.ch
3
Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
AUTHOR
Rudolf
Zurkinden
rudolf.zurkinden@promotionsante.ch
4
Swiss Health Promotion Foundation, Bern, Switzerland
AUTHOR
Thomas
Mattig
thomas.mattig@promotionsante.ch
5
Swiss Health Promotion Foundation, Bern, Switzerland
AUTHOR
Baltussen R, Niessen L. Priority setting of health interventions: the need for multi-criteria decision analysis. Cost Eff Resour Alloc. 2006;4:14.doi:10.1186/1478-7547-4-14
1
Uneke CJ, Ezeoha AE, Ndukwe CD, Oyibo PG, Onwe F, Aulakh BK. Research priority setting for health policy and health systems strengthening in Nigeria: the policymakers and stakeholders perspective and involvement. Pan African Med J. 2013;16:10. doi:10.11604/pamj.2013.16.10.2318
2
Annemans L, Bogaert M, Denier Y, et al. Justice and solidarity in priority setting in healthcare. Identifying and discussing the ethical and societal issues in resource allocation. Bruxelles: Belgian Advisory Committe on Bioethics; 2013.
3
Mitton C, Donaldson C. Health care priority setting: principles, practice and challenges. Cost Eff Resour Alloc 2004;2:3.
4
Sabik LM, Lie RK. Priority setting in health care: lessons from the experience in eight countries. Int J Equity Health. 2008;7:4. doi:10.1186/1475-9276-7-4
5
Wiseman V, Mooney G, Berry G, Tang KC. Involving the general public in priority setting: experiences from Australia. Soc Sci Med. 1997;56(5):1001-1012.
6
DePietro C, Camenzind P, Sturny I, et al. Health Systems in Transition. Switzerland. Health System Rev. 2015;17(4):1-323.
7
Federal Council. Loi Fédérale sur l’assurance Maladie. https://www.admin.ch/opc/fr/classified-compilation/19940073/index.html. Accessed January 15, 2017. Published 1994.
8
Promotion Santé Suisse. https://promotionsante.ch/html. Accessed January 15, 2017.
9
Mattig T. L’échec de la loi sur la prevention: un enseignement. https://promotionsante.ch/assets/public/documents/fr/5-grundlagen/publikationen/diverse-themen/arbeitspapiere/Document_de_travail_009_PSCH_2013-10_-_Loi_sur_la_prevention.pdf. Accessed January 15, 2017. Published 2013.
10
FOPH. Swiss National Strategy Addictions. https://www.bag.admin.ch/bag/en/home/aktuell/news/strategie-sucht.html. Accessed January 4, 2017.
11
FOPH. Swiss National Strategy against non-communicable diseases. https://www.bag.admin.ch/bag/fr/home/themen/strategien-politik/nationale-gesundheitsstrategien/strategie-nicht-uebertragbare-krankheiten.html. Accessed January 4, 2017.
12
FOPH. Swiss National Vaccination Strategy. https://www.bag.admin.ch/bag/fr/home/themen/strategien-politik/nationale-gesundheitsstrategien/nationale-strategie-impfungen-nsi.html. Accessed on January 12, 2017.
13
Rayner M, Scarborough P, Allender S. Values underlying the National Service Framework for coronary heart disease in England: a discourse analysis. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2006;11(2):67-73.
14
Commission of the European Communities. White paper: together for health: a strategic approach for the EU 2008-2013. Brussels: Commission of the European Communities; 2007.
15
Observatoire de la Santé OBSAN. Rapports cantonaux sur la santé. Analyse des données de l’enquête suisse sur la santé 2007. Neuchâtel; OBSAN, Rapports No 43-48; 2011.
16
Office Fédéral de la Statistique OFS. Encyclopédie statistique de la Suisse. Revenus cantonaux selon les bénéficiaires 1998-2005. Neuchâtel: OFS, Collection générale (je-f-04.06.11); 2011.
17
World Health Organization. The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion.Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 1986.
18
Mahler H. The meaning of Health for All by the year 2000. World Health Forum. 1981;2(1):5-22.
19
Narring F, Tschumper AM, Interwildi Bonivento L, et al. SMASH-02 Swiss Multicenter Adolescent Survey on Health. Lausanne: IUMSP-CHUV; 2004.
20
Wieser S, Lauer L, Schmidhauser S, et al. Evaluation économique des mesures de prévention en Suisse. Neuchâtel: Institut de recherches économiques. IRENE, Université de Neuchâtel; 2010.
21
Ackermann G, Kirschner M, Guggenbuehl L, et al. Measuring success in obesity prevention: a synthesis of health promotion Switzerland’s long-term monitoring and evaluation strategy. Obes Facts. 2015;8:17-29. doi:10.1159/000374082
22
Fédération Fourchette Verte Suisse. Label de l’alimentation équilibrée. http://www.fourchetteverte.ch/fr/articles/2. Accessed December 26, 2016.
23
Hegerl U, Wittmann M, Arensman E, et al. The European Alliance Against Depression: a multifaceted community-based programme against depression and suicidality. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2008;9(1):51-58.
24
Promotion Santé Suisse. S-Tool. Job-stress Index. https://www.s-tool.ch/stress. Accessed December 16, 2016.
25
Association Suisse pour la Prévention du Tabagisme. Programme National d’arrêt du tabagisme. https://portal.at-schweiz.ch/index.php/fr/projets/programme-national-d-arret-du-tabagisme. Accessed December 22, 2016.
26
FOPH. Le Programme National Alcool 2008-2016. https://www.bag.admin.ch/bag/fr/home/themen/mensch-gesundheit/sucht/alkohol/alkoholpolitik/nationales-programm-alkohol-2008-2016.html. Accessed December 27, 2016.
27
SUVA. Prévention des accidents. https://www.suva.ch/fr-ch/prevention. Accessed December 27, 2016.
28
Groth H. Demographic Ageing in Switzerland. Demographic Ageing in Switzerland – the Critical Importance of a Multi-Stakeholder Dialogue: OECD-APEC Conference, Tokyo, September, 14, 2012.
29
Schopper D, Torres AM, Pereira J, et al. Setting health priorities in a Swiss canton: what do different methods tell us? J Epidemiol Community Health. 2000;54(5):388-393.
30
Lee LM, Zarowsky C. Foundational values for public health. Public Health Rev. 2015;36:2. doi:10.1186/s40985-015-0004-1
31
Federal Statistical Office. The National Health Report 2015 – The health care system geared towards chronic diseases. Neuchâtel: FSO; 2015.
32
OFS. Indicateurs de santé au cours du temps. Période d’observation: 1950-2015. https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/fr/home/statistiques/sante.assetdetail.1420778.html.
33
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. GBD-Profile Switzerland. http://www.healthdata.org/sites/default/files/files/country_profiles/GBD/ihme_gbd_country_report_switzerland.pdf. Accessed December 21, 2016. Published 2010.
34
Tomonaga Y, Haettenschwiler J, Hatzinger M, et al. the economic burden of depression in Switzerland. Pharmacoeconomics. 2013;31(3):237-250. doi:10.1007/s40273-013-0026-9
35
McDaid D, Bonin E, Park A, et al. Making the case for investing in suicide prevention interventions: estimating the economic impact of suicide and non-fatal self harm events. Injury Prevention. 2010;16(s1):A257-A258.
36
Schopper D, DeWolf C. Breast cancer screening by mammography: International evidence and the situation in Switzerland. Bern; 2007.
37
Bille-Adorno N, Jüni P. Abolishing mammography screening programs? A view from the Swiss Medical Board. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1965-1967. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1401875
38
Gmel G, Kuendig H, Notari L, Gmel C. Monitorage suisse des addictions: consommation d’alcool, tabac et drogues illégales en Suisse en 2015. Lausanne: Addiction Suisse; 2016. http://www.suchtmonitoring.ch/docs/library/gmel_ig1f1nkdw5wd.pdf. Accessed December 21, 2016.
39
World Health Organization. Global Status Report on non communicable diseases 2014. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2014.
40
Federal Statistical Office. Scénarios de l’évolution de la population des cantons de 2015 à 2045. Le nombre de personnes à la retraite va fortement augmenter. Neuchâtel: FSO; 2016. https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/en/home/statistics/work-income/employment-working-hours/economically-active-persons/economically-active-population-scenarios.assetdetail.40825.html. Accessed December 26, 2016.
41
FOPH. Santé des migrantes et des migrants en Suisse. Bern: FOPH; 2010.
42
De Puy J. Etudes de prévalence en Suisse et spécificités de la violence domestique. Colloque du Bureau de l’égalité du canton de Vaud. Violence domestique et système judiciaire, enjeux et perspectives. Lausanne; 2012.
43
Lehmann P. Inégalités sociales et santé en suisse. Analyse des actions concrètes menées par et dans les cantons visant à diminuer les inégalités sociales face à la santé. Lausanne, HECV-Santé; 2010.
44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluating the Process and Extent of Institutionalization: A Case Study of a Rapid Response Unit for Health Policy in Burkina Faso
Background Good decision-making requires gathering and using sufficient information. Several knowledge translation platforms have been introduced in Burkina Faso to support evidence-informed decision-making. One of these is the rapid response service for health. This platform aims to provide quick access for policy-makers in Burkina Faso to highquality research evidence about health systems. The purpose of this study is to describe the process and extent of the institutionalization of the rapid response service. Methods A qualitative case study design was used, drawing on interviews with policy-makers, together with documentary analysis. Previously used institutionalization frameworks were combined to guide the analysis. Results Burkina Faso’s rapid response service has largely reached the consolidation phase of the institutionalization process but not yet the final phase of maturity. The impetus for the project came from designated project leaders, who convinced policy-makers of the importance of the rapid response service, and obtained resources to run a pilot. During the expansion stage, additional policy-makers at national and sub-national levels began to use the service. Unit staff also tried to improve the way it was delivered, based on lessons learned during the pilot stage. The service has, however, stagnated at the consolidation stage, and not moved into the final phase of maturity. Conclusion The institutionalization process for the rapid response service in Burkina Faso has been fluid rather than linear, with some areas developing faster than others. The service has reached the consolidation stage, but now requires additional efforts to reach maturity.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3347_e720e24ff8ec4030aa64be180bcc7527.pdf
2018-01-01
15
26
10.15171/ijhpm.2017.39
Institutionalization
Rapid Response Service
Burkina Faso
Health Resources
Knowledge Translation
Andre
Zida
zidaandr@yahoo.fr
1
Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
LEAD_AUTHOR
John N.
Lavis
lavisj@mcmaster.ca
2
McMaster Health Forum, Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
AUTHOR
Nelson K.
Sewankambo
sewankam@infocom.co.ug
3
Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
AUTHOR
Bocar
Kouyate
bocar@fasonet.bf
4
Ministry of Health, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
AUTHOR
Salimata
Ouedraogo
salimata_ki@yahoo.fr
5
Ministry of Health, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
AUTHOR
Stranks JW. Human Factors and Behavioural Safety. Routledge; 2007.
1
Chaudhuri A, De K, Chatterjee D. Solution of the decision making problems using fuzzy soft relations. arXiv website. https://arxiv.org/abs/1304.7238. Published 2013.
2
Malloch K, Porter-O'Grady T. The Quantum Leader: Applications for the New World of Work. Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2009.
3
Hicks Patrick J, Steele JC, Spencer SM. Decision Making Processes and Outcomes. J Aging Res. 2013;2013:367208. DOI:10.1155/2013/367208
4
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Evidence-based methodologies for public health – How to assess the best available evidence when time is limited and there is lack of sound evidence. Stockholm: ECDC; 2011.
5
Strydom WF, Funke N, Nienaber S, Nortje K, Steyn M. Evidence-based policymaking: a review. S Afr J Sci. 2010;106(5-6):17-24.
6
Campbell S, Benita S, Coates E, Davies P, Penn G. Analysis for policy: Evidence-based policy in practice. Government Social Research Unit; 2007.
7
Wilson DC, Smith NA, Blakey NC, Shaxson L. Using research-based knowledge to underpin waste and resources policy. Waste Manag Res. 2007;25(3):247-256.
8
Hanney SR, Gonzalez-Block MA, Buxton MJ, Kogan M. The utilisation of health research in policy-making: Concepts, examples, and methods of assessment. HERG Research Report 28; 2010.
9
Lavis J, Davies H, Oxman A, Denis J-L, Golden-Biddle K, Ferlie E. Towards systematic reviews that inform health care management and policy-making. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2005;10(suppl 1):35-48. DOI:10.1258/1355819054308549
10
Innvær S, Vist G, Trommald M, Oxman A. Health policy-makers' perceptions of their use of evidence: a systematic review. J Health Serv Res Policy.. 2002;7(4):239-244. DOI:10.1258/135581902320432778
11
Lavis JN. Research, public policymaking, and knowledge‐translation processes: Canadian efforts to build bridges. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2006;26(1):37-45.
12
Mijumbi RM, Oxman AD, Panisset U, Sewankambo NK. Feasibility of a rapid response mechanism to meet policymakers' urgent needs for research evidence about health systems in a low income country: a case study. Implement Sci. 2014;9:114. DOI:10.1186/s13012-014-0114-z
13
Mijumbi-Deve R, Sewankambo NK. A process evaluation to assess contextual factors associated with the uptake of a rapid response service to support health systems’ decision-making in Uganda. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2017; Forthcoming.
14
Quality Assurance Project. A modern paradigm for improving healthcare quality. Published 2001.
15
Chen, L, Naughton, B. An institutionalized policy-making mechanism: China’s return to techno-industrial policy. Res Policy. 2016;45(10):2138-2152. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2016.09.014
16
Sridhar D, Tamashiro T. Vertical funds in the health sector: lessons for education from the Global Fund and GAVI. Published 2010.
17
Bennett S, Singh S, Ozawa S, Tran N, Kang JS. Sustainability of donor programs: evaluating and informing the transition of a large HIV prevention program in India to local ownership. Glob Health Action. 2011;4. doi:10.3402/gha.v4i0.7360
18
Yin R. Changing Urban Bureaucracies: How New Practices Become Routinized. The Rand Corporation, R-2277-NSF; 1978.
19
Knoblauch H, Wilke R. The Common Denominator: The Reception and Impact of Berger and Luckmann’s The Social Construction of Reality. Hum Stud. 2016;39(1):51-69. doi:10.1007/s10746-016-9387-3
20
Hoppe T, Van Der Vegt A, Stegmaier P. Presenting a framework to analyze local climate policy and action in small and medium-sized cities. Sustainability. 2016;8(9):847.
21
World Bank. Promoting the institutionalization of national health accounts: a global strategic action plan. World Bank; 2010.
22
Maeda A, Harrit MN, Mabuchi S, Siadat B, Nagpal S. Creating Evidence for Better Health Financing Decisions: A Strategic Guide for the Institutionalization of National Health Accounts. World Bank Publications; 2012.
23
Powell W, Dimaggio PJ, eds. The New Institutionalism in organizational Analysis. University of Chicago Press, 2012.
24
Ashton J. Monitoring the quality of hospital care. https://www.usaidassist.org/sites/assist/files/hspcarebook501.pdf. 2000.
25
March JG, Olsen JP. The new institutionalism: organizational factors in political life. Revista de Sociologia e Política. 2008;16(31)121-142.
26
Muthusamy SK, White MA. Learning and knowledge transfer in strategic alliances: a social exchange view. Organ Stud. 2005;26(3)415-441.
27
Hilty DM, Srinivasan M. Evidence-based practice manual: research and outcome measures in health and human services. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162(4):831-832. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.4.831
28
Renzi M. An integrated toolkit for institutional development. Public Adm Dev. 1996;16(5):469-483.
29
Flick U. The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data Analysis. Sage; 2013.
30
Charmaz K. Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. Sage; 2006. Introducing Qualitative Methods Series.
31
Patton M, Schwandt T. Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods 4e + Schwandt: The SAGE Dictionary of Qualitative Inquiry 4e. SAGE; 2014.
32
Olsen W. Triangulation in social research: qualitative and quantitative methods can really be mixed. Dev Sociol. 2004;20:103-118.
33
Reiman T, Rollenhagen C, Pietikäinen E, et al. Principles of adaptive management in complex safety–critical organizations. Saf Sci. 2015;71:80-92. doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2014.07.021
34
Freitas CASd, Guimarães TdA. Isomorphism, institutionalization and legitimacy: operational auditing at the court of auditors. Revista de Administração Contemporânea. 2007;11(SPE1):153-175.
35
Burkina Faso. Arrêté N°2012-580 portant attributions et organisation de la Direction générale de l’information et des statistiques sanitaires. Ministry of Health; 2012.
36
Lin V, Maxwell J, Phua K-L, Healy J. Responding to requests for information on health systems from policy makers in Asian countries. Alliance for health policy and systems research; 2007.
37
Zida A. Guide de mise en œuvre du service de reponses rapides au Burkina Faso. Ministere de la sante; 2011.
38
Zida A. Rapport d’évaluation de la mise en œuvre du service de réponse rapide (rapport provisoire): Ministere de la sante; 2013.
39
Kasonde JM, Campbell S. Creating a knowledge translation platform: nine lessons from the Zambia Forum for Health Research. Health Res Policy Syst. 2012;10:31. DOI:10.1186/1478-4505-10-31
40
El-Jardali F, Lavis JN, Ataya N, Jamal D. Use of health systems and policy research evidence in the health policymaking in eastern Mediterranean countries: views and practices of researchers. Implement Sci. 2012;7:2. DOI:10.1186/1748-5908-7-2
41
Franco LM, Silimperi DR, Veldhuyzen van Zanten T, et al. Sustaining quality of healthcare: institutionalization of quality assurance. QA Monograph Series. 2002;2(1):1-59.
42
Harnessing National Health Accounts to Strengthen Policymaking: A Compendium of Case Studies. World Bank; 2011.
43
Hong LK, Duff RW. Modulated participant-observation: Managing the dilemma of distance in field research. Field Methods. 2002;14(2):190-196.
44
Carnevale FA, Macdonald ME, Bluebond-Langner M, McKeever P. Using participant observation in pediatric health care settings: ethical challenges and solutions. J Child Health Care. 2008;12(1):18-32.
45
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Eliminating Healthcare-Associated Infections in Iran: A Qualitative Study to Explore Stakeholders’ Views
Background Although preventable, healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) continue to pose huge health and economic burdens on countries worldwide. Some studies have indicated the numerous causes of HAIs, but only a tiny literature exists on the multifaceted measures that can be used to address the problem. This paper presents stakeholders’ opinions on measures for controlling HAIs in Iran. Methods We used the qualitative research method in studying the phenomenon. Through a purposive sampling approach, we conducted 24 face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured interview guide. Participants were mainly key informants, including policy-makers, health professionals, and technical officers across the national and subnational levels, including the Ministry of Health (MoH), medical universities, and hospitals in Iran. We performed thematic framework analysis using the software MAXQDA10. Results Four main interdisciplinary themes emerged from our study of measures of controlling HAIs: strengthening governance and stewardship; strengthening human resources policies; appropriate prescription and usage of antibiotics; and environmental sanitation and personal hygiene. Conclusion According to our findings, elimination of HAIs demands multifactorial interventions. While the ultimate recommendation of policy-makers is to have HAIs among the priorities of the national agenda, financial commitment and the creation of an enabling work environment in which both patients and healthcare workers can practice personal hygiene could lead to a significant reduction in HAIs in Iran.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3350_b4f2aaff840c2932b0d7cc7021e91638.pdf
2018-01-01
27
34
10.15171/ijhpm.2017.34
Healthcare-Associated Infection (HAI)
Elimination
Stakeholders’ Views
Policy Implications
Qualitative
Study
Iran
Atefeh
Esfandiari
atefehesfandiari88@gmail.com
1
Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
AUTHOR
Hedayat
Salari
salarihedayat@gmail.com
2
Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
AUTHOR
Arash
Rashidian
arash.rashidian@gmail.com
3
Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hossein
Masoumi Asl
dr_masoumiasl@yahoo.com
4
Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbas
Rahimi Foroushani
rahimifo@tums.ac.ir
5
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Akbari Sari
akbarisari@tums.ac.ir
6
Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Blumenstock J, Buchanan A, Cairns C, et al. Eliminating healthcare associated infections; state policy options. Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (US); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); 2011.
1
HAI Data and Statistics. Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention website. http://www.cdc.gov/hai/surveillance/. Accessed August 1, 2016.
2
Zingg W, Holmes A, Dettenkofer M, et al. Hospital organisation, management, and structure for prevention of health-care-associated infection: a systematic review and expert consensus. The Lancet Infect Dis. 2015;15(2):212-224. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70854-0
3
Zimlichman E, Henderson D, Tamir O, et al. Health care-associated infections: a meta-analysis of costs and financial impact on the US health care system. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173(22):2039-2046. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.9763
4
Askarian M, Maharlouei N, Yousefi F, McLaws ML. Using the theory of planned behavior to identify predictors of handwashing among Iranian healthcare workers. BMC Proc. 2011;5(Suppl 6):P108. doi:10.1186/1753-6561-5-S6-P108
5
Asl HM. The National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance in Iran. A 4 years report. BMC Proc. 2011; 5(suppl 6):P243.10.1186/1753-6561-5-S6-P243
6
Zahraei SM, Eshrati B, Asi HM, Pezeshki Z. Epidemiology of four main nosocomial infections in Iran during March 2007-March 2008 based on the findings of a routine surveillance system. Arch Iran Med. 2012;15(12):764-766.
7
Pittet D, Allegranzi B, Storr J, Donaldson L. 'Clean Care is Safer Care': the Global Patient Safety Challenge 2005-2006. Int J Infect Dis. 2006;10(6):419-424. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2006.06.001
8
Shea KG, Styhl AC, King HA, Hammons J, Clapp M. Surgical Site Infection Reduction Program: Challenges and Opportunities. J Pediatr Orthop. 2015;35(5 suppl 1):S51-S54. doi:10.1097/BPO.0000000000000549
9
Rashidian A, Eccles MP, Russell I. Falling on stony ground? A qualitative study of implementation of clinical guidelines' prescribing recommendations in primary care. Health Policy. 2008;85(2):148-161. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2007.07.011
10
Ritchie J, Spencer L. Qualitative data analysis for applied policy research. In: The qualitative researcher’s companion. Sage;2002:305-329.
11
Srivastava A, Thomson SB. Framework analysis: a qualitative methodology for applied policy research. JOAAG. 2009;4(2):72-79.
12
Rhodes MG. A network based theory of health systems and cycles of well-being. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2013;1(1):7-15. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2013.03
13
The WHO Health Systems Framework. http://www.wpro.who.int/health_services/health_systems_framework/en/.
14
The world health report 2000. Health sysyem: improving performance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2000.
15
HAI prevention and policy implementation. Recommendations from the field. CDC website. http://www.cdc.gov/hai/pdfs/toolkits/ASTHO_One_Pager.pdf. Published 2011.
16
Esfandiari A, Rashidian A, Asl HM, Foroushani AR, Salari H, Sari AA. Exploring the Barriers of Home Care Services in Iran: A Qualitative Study. Scientifica (Cairo). 2016;2016:2056470. doi:10.1155/2016/2056470
17
Ider BE, Clements A, Adams J, Whitby M, Muugolog T. Organisation of hospital infection control in Mongolia. J Hosp Infec. 2010;75(3):209-213. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2010.02.022
18
Delgado-Rodríguez M, Gómez-Ortega A, Sillero-Arenas M, Martínez-Gallego G, Medina-Cuadros M, Llorca J. Efficacy of surveillance in nosocomial infection control in a surgical service. Am J Infect Control. 2001;29(5):289-294. doi:10.1067/mic.2001.114625
19
Doshmangir L, Torabi F, Ravaghi H, Akbari Sari A, Mostafavi H. Challenges and solutions facing medical errors and adverse events in Iran: a qualitative study (Persian). Journal of Hospital. 2016;15(1):31-40.
20
Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. Safety and quality improvement guide - Standard 3: Preventing and controlling healthcare associated infections. ACSQHC; 2012.
21
Kahn KL, Mendel P, Weinberg DA, Leuschner KJ, Gall EM, Siegel S. Approach for conducting the longitudinal program evaluation of the US Department of Health and Human Services National Action Plan to prevent healthcare-associated infections: roadmap to elimination. Med Care. 2014;52:S9-S16.
22
Aboelela SW, Stone PW, Larson EL. Effectiveness of bundled behavioural interventions to control healthcare-associated infections: a systematic review of the literature. J Hosp Infect. 2007;66(2):101-108.
23
Curtis LT. Bundling or multiple interventions needed to control nosocomial infections. Burns. 2013;39(3):538-539.
24
Curtis LT. Prevention of hospital-acquired infections: review of non-pharmacological interventions. J Hosp Infect. 2008;69(3):204-219.
25
Kanj SS, Zahreddine N, Rosenthal VD, Alamuddin L, Kanafani Z, Molaeb B. Impact of a multidimensional infection control approach on catheter-associated urinary tract infection rates in an adult intensive care unit in Lebanon: International nosocomial infection control consortium (INICC) findings. Int J Infect Dis. 2013;17(9):e686-e690. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2013.01.020
26
Jang T-H, Wu S, Kirzner D, et al. Focus group study of hand hygiene practice among healthcare workers in a teaching hospital in Toronto, Canada. Infect Control. 2010;31(2):144-150.
27
Larson EL, Quiros D, Lin SX. Dissemination of the CDC's Hand Hygiene Guideline and impact on infection rates. Am J Infect Control. 2007;35(10):666-675.
28
Struelens MJ, Wagner D, Bruce J, et al. Status of infection control policies and organisation in European hospitals, 2001: The ARPAC study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006;12(8):729-737. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01462.x
29
Rosenthal VD, McCormick RD, Guzman S, Villamayor C, Orellano PW. Effect of education and performance feedback on handwashing: the benefit of administrative support in Argentinean hospitals. Am J Infect Control. 2003;31(2):85-92.
30
Mayer J, Mooney B, Gundlapalli A, et al. Dissemination and sustainability of a hospital-wide hand hygiene program emphasizing positive reinforcement. Infect Control. 2011;32(1):59-66.
31
Jeong SY, Kim KM. Influencing factors on hand hygiene behavior of nursing students based on theory of planned behavior: a descriptive survey study. Nurse Educ Today. 2016;36:159-164. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2015.09.014
32
Ider B-E, Adams J, Morton A, Whitby M, Clements A. Perceptions of healthcare professionals regarding the main challenges and barriers to effective hospital infection control in Mongolia: a qualitative study. BMC Infect Dis. 2012;12:170. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-12-170
33
Policies for Eliminating Healthcare-Associated Infections: Lessons from State Stakeholder Engagemen. https://www.cdc.gov/hai/pdfs/toolkits/hai-policy-case-studies-lesssons-learned.pdf. Published 2012.
34
Weiss K, Boisvert A, Chagnon M, et al. Multipronged intervention strategy to control an outbreak of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and its impact on the rates of CDI from 2002 to 2007. Infec Control. 2009;30(02):156-162.
35
Dettenkofer M, Ammon A, Astagneau P, et al. Infection control–a European research perspective for the next decade. J Hosp Infect. 2011;77(1):7-10.
36
Han JH, Sullivan N, Leas BF, Pegues DA, Kaczmarek JL, Umscheid CA. Cleaning hospital room surfaces to prevent health care-associated infections: a technical brief. Ann Intern Med. 2015 Oct 20;163(8):598-607. doi:10.7326/M15-1192
37
Sehulster L, Chinn RYW, Arduino MJ, et al. Guidelines for environmental infection control in health-care facilities. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Recommendations and Reports. 2003;52(10):1-42.
38
Allegranzi B, Pittet D. Role of hand hygiene in healthcare-associated infection prevention. J Hosp Infect. 2009;73(4):305-315.
39
Barsuk JH, Cohen ER, Feinglass J, McGaghie WC, Wayne DB. Use of simulation-based education to reduce catheter-related bloodstream infections. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(15):1420-1423.
40
Saint S, Kowalski CP, Banaszak-Holl J, Forman J, Damschroder L, Krein SL. The importance of leadership in preventing healthcare-associated infection results of a multisite qualitative study. Infect Control. 2010;31(9):901-907. doi:10.1086/655459
41
Sinuff T, Cook D, Giacomini M, Heyland D, Dodek P. Facilitating clinician adherence to guidelines in the intensive care unit: a multicenter, qualitative study. Crit Care Med. 2007;35(9):2083-2089.
42
Dumartin C, Rogues AM, Amadeo B, et al. Antibiotic stewardship programmes: legal framework and structure and process indicator in Southwestern French hospitals, 2005-2008. J Hosp Infect. 2011;77(2):123-128. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2010.07.014
43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Performance-Based Financing to Strengthen the Health System in Benin: Challenging the Mainstream Approach
Background Performance-based financing (PBF) is often proposed as a way to improve health system performance. In Benin, PBF was launched in 2012 through a World Bank-supported project. The Belgian Development Agency (BTC) followed suit through a health system strengthening (HSS) project. This paper analyses and draws lessons from the experience of BTC-supported PBF alternative approach – especially with regards to institutional aspects, the role of demand-side actors, ownership, and cost-effectiveness – and explores the mechanisms at stake so as to better understand how the “PBF package” functions and produces effects. Methods An exploratory, theory-driven evaluation approach was adopted. Causal mechanisms through which PBF is hypothesised to impact on results were singled out and explored. This paper stems from the co-authors’ capitalisation of experiences; mixed methods were used to collect, triangulate and analyse information. Results are structured along Witter et al framework. Results Influence of context is strong over PBF in Benin; the policy is donor-driven. BTC did not adopt the World Bank’s mainstream PBF model, but developed an alternative approach in line with its HSS support programme, which is grounded on existing domestic institutions. The main features of this approach are described (decentralised governance, peer review verification, counter-verification entrusted to health service users’ platforms), as well as its adaptive process. PBF has contributed to strengthen various aspects of the health system and led to modest progress in utilisation of health services, but noticeable improvements in healthcare quality. Three mechanisms explaining observed outcomes within the context are described: comprehensive HSS at district level; acting on health workers’ motivation through a complex package of incentives; and increased accountability by reinforcing dialogue with demand-side actors. Cost-effectiveness and sustainability issues are also discussed. Conclusion BTC’s alternative PBF approach is both promising in terms of effects, ownership and sustainability, and less resource consuming. This experience testifies that PBF is not a uniform or rigid model, and opens the policy ground for recipient governments to put their own emphasis and priorities and design ad hoc models adapted to their context specificities. However, integrating PBF within the normal functioning of local health systems, in line with other reforms, is a big challenge.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3352_9d2eb805abb1789a5b71593e35079d7a.pdf
2018-01-01
35
47
10.15171/ijhpm.2017.42
Performance-Based Financing (PBF)
Health System Strengthening (HSS)
Local Health System
Benin
Low-
and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs)
Demand-Side Actors
Elisabeth
Paul
elisabeth.paul@ulb.ac.be
1
Economie politique et économie de la santé, Faculté des Sciences sociales, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohamed
Lamine Dramé
mohamed.drame@btcctb.org
2
PASS-Sourou Programme, Belgian Development Agency, Benin
AUTHOR
Jean-Pierre
Kashala
jean-pierre.kashala@btcctb.org
3
PASS-Sourou Programme, Belgian Development Agency, Benin
AUTHOR
Armand
Ekambi Ndema
armand.ekambi@btcctb.org
4
PASS-Sourou Programme, Belgian Development Agency, Benin
AUTHOR
Marcel
Kounnou
marcelkounnou@yahoo.fr
5
Comé District, Ministry of Health, Comé, Benin
AUTHOR
Julien Codjovi
Aïssan
codjo3aj2000@yahoo.fr
6
Atacora-Donga Departmental Health Team, Ministry of Health, Natitingou, Benin
AUTHOR
Karel
Gyselinck
karel.gyselinck@btcctb.org
7
Belgian Development Agency, Brussels, Belgium
AUTHOR
Meessen B, Soucat A, Sekabaraga C. Performance-based financing: just a donor fad or a catalyst towards comprehensive health-care reform? Bull World Health Organ. 2011;89(2):153-156. doi:10.2471/BLT.10.077339
1
Witter S, Toonen J, Meessen B, Kagubare J, Fritsche G, Vaughan K. Performance-based financing as a health system reform: mapping the key dimensions for monitoring and evaluation. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13:367. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-13-367
2
Basinga P, Gertler PJ, Binagwaho A, et al. Effect on maternal and child health services in Rwanda of payment to primary health-care providers for performance: an impact evaluation. Lancet. 2011;377(9775:421-1428. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60177-3
3
Rusa L, Ngirabega J, Janssen W, Van Bastelaere S, Porignon D, Vandenbulcke W. Performance-based financing for better quality of services in Rwandan health centres: 3-year experience. Trop Med Int Health. 2009;14(7):830-837. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02292.x
4
Renmans D, Holvoet N, Garimoi Orach C, Criel B. Opening the ‘black box’ of performance-based financing in low- and lower middle-income countries: a review of the literature. Health Policy Plan. 2016;31(9):1297-1309. doi:10.1093/heapol/czw045
5
Ssengooba F, McPake B, Palmer N. Why performance-based contracting failed in Uganda – an “open-box” evaluation of a complex health system intervention. Soc Sci Med. 2012;75(2):377-383. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.02.050
6
Van Belle S, Marchal B, Dubourg D, Kegels G. How to develop a theory-driven evaluation design? Lessons learned from an adolescent sexual and reproductive health programme in West Africa. BMC Public Health. 2010;10(1):741. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-741
7
Belgian Development Agency. Dossier technique et financier – Programme d’appui au secteur de la sante “PASS-Sourou”, Bénin. 2014. Code DGD: NN 3014055. Code navision: BEN 13 025 11.
8
De Zutter P. Des histoires, des savoirs, des hommes. l’expérience est un capital. Série Dossiers pour un débat n°35. Paris: Eds. Charles-Léopold Meyer; 1994.
9
Paul E, Sossouhounto N, Eclou DS. Local stakeholders’ perceptions about the introduction of performance-based financing in Benin: a case study in two health districts. Int J Health Policy 2014;3(4):207-214. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2014.93
10
Etats généraux de la santé au Bénin. Rapport général, Cotonou, November 21-24, 2007.
11
République du Bénin, Ministère de la Santé. Plan national de développement sanitaire 2009-2018.
12
World Bank. ‘Project Appraisal Document on a Proposed IDA Grant in the Amount of SDR 14.9 million (US$22.8 million equivalent) of which SDR 5.1 million originates from pilot CRW resources (US$7.8 million equivalent) to the Republic of Benin for a Health System Performance Project’, Report No: 53930-BJ; April 9, 2010.
13
Fritsche GB, Soeters R, Meessen B. Performance-Based Financing Toolkit. Washington, DC: The World Bank; 2014.
14
République du Bénin, Ministère de la Santé. La pérennisation du financement basé sur les résultats (FBR) dans le secteur de la santé au Bénin. Aide-mémoire de la mission conjointe du 12 au 16 octobre 2015.
15
République du Bénin, Ministère de la Santé. La pérennisation du financement basé sur les résultats (FBR) dans le secteur de la santé au Bénin. Aide-mémoire de la mission conjointe du 5 au 8 juillet 2016.
16
Jansen C, Lodi E, Lodenstein E, Toonen J, eds. Vers une couverture maladie universelle au Bénin (Towards universal health coverage in Benin). Amsterdam: KIT Publishers; 2013.
17
AEDES/Scen-Afrik. PRPSS. Analyse du coût de la vérification et de l’AT dans le cadre du FBR au Bénin; Power Point Presentation, July 2016.
18
Johnson P, Bello K, Meessen B, Korachais C. Effets des expériences du financement basé sur les résultats (FBR) dans le secteur de la santé au Bénin. Une analyse à partir des données de routine collectées de 2010 à 2015. Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, and CERRHUD for Gavi and the Global Fund; July 2016.
19
Sambiéni NE (Dir.). Les mécanismes à l’œuvre dans la production d’effets différenciés du financement basé sur les résultats (FBR) dans le secteur de la santé au Bénin, rapport général (financement: Fonds mondial). Université de Parakou, FLASH; 2016.
20
Paul E, Renmans D. Performance-based financing in the heath sector in low- and middle-income countries: Is there anything whereof it may be said, see, this is new? Int J Health Plann Manage. 2017. doi:10.1002/hpm.2409
21
Bertone MP, M Lagarde, S Witter. Performance-based financing in the context of the complex remuneration of health workers: findings from a mixed-method study in rural Sierra Leone. BMC Health Serv Res. 2016;16:286. doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1546-8
22
Lemière C, De Walque D, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Juquois M. Evaluation d’Impact du Financement Basé sur les Résultats, Rapport d’analyse de l’enquête de base; 2012.
23
Ghesquière G, Hounouvi AT, Dramé ML, Gyselinck K, Paul E. Les opportunités du financement basé sur les résultats comme plateforme d’interactions entre l’offre et la demande pour le renforcement du système local de santé au Bénin. Belgian Development Agency (BTC); November 2015.
24
Community of Practice Health Service Delivery. Renewing health districts for advancing universal health coverage in Africa. Report of the regional conference “Health districts in Africa: progress and perspectives 25 years after the Harare Declaration”; October 21-23, 2013; Dakar, Senegal.
25
Peerenboom PB, Basenya O, Bossuyt M et al. La bonne gouvernance dans la réforme du financement du système de santé au Burundi. Santé Publique 2014;2(26):229-240.
26
Nahimana E, McBain R, Manzi A, et al. Race to the Top: evaluation of a novel performance-based financing initiative to promote healthcare delivery in rural Rwanda. Glob Health Action. 2016;28;9:32943. Doi:10.3402/gha.v9.32943
27
Bhatnagar A, George AS. Motivating Health Workers Up to a Limit: Partial Effects of Performance-Based Financing on Working Environments in Nigeria. Health Policy Plan. 2016;31(7):868-877. doi:10.1093/heapol/czw002
28
Lohmann J, Houlfort N, De Allegri M. Crowding out or no crowding out? A Self-Determination Theory approach to health worker motivation in performance-based financing. Soc Sci Med. 2016;169:1-8. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.09.006
29
Aninanya GA, Howard N, William JE, et al. Can performance-based incentives improve motivation of nurses and midwives in primary facilities in northern Ghana? A quasi-experimental study. Glob Health Action 2016;9:32404. doi:10.3402/gha.v9.32404
30
Khim K. Are health workers motivated by income? Job motivation of Cambodian primary health workers implementing performance-based financing. Glob Health Action. 2016;9:31068. doi:10.3402/gha.v9.31068
31
Shen GC, Nguyen HTH, Das A, Sachingongu N, Chansa C, Qamruddin J, Friedman J. Incentives to change: effects of performance-based financing on health workers in Zambia. Hum Resour Health. 2017;15(1):20. doi:10.1186/s12960-017-0179-2
32
Kalk A, Paul FA, Grabosch E. ‘Paying for performance’ in Rwanda: does it pay off? Trop Med Int Health. 2010;15(2):182-190. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02430.x
33
Ireland M, Paul E, Dujardin B. Can performance-based financing be used to reform health systems in developing countries? Bull World Health Organ. 2011;89(9):695-698. doi:10.2471/BLT.11.087379
34
Borghi J, Little R, Binyaruka P, Patouillard E, & Kuwawenaruwa A. In Tanzania, the many costs of pay-for-performance leave open to debate whether the strategy is cost-effective. Health Affairs. 2015;34(3):406-414. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2014.0608
35
Paul E. Marché de services relatif à réalisation d’une étude sur la viabilité et la pérennisation de l’approche du Financement Basé sur les Résultats (FBR) au Bénin – Rapport final, CSC BTC/CTB BEN 405. Published July 18, 2016.
36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessing Patient Organization Participation in Health Policy: A Comparative Study in France and Italy
Background Even though there are many patient organizations across Europe, their role in impacting health policy decisions and reforms has not been well documented. In line with this, the present study endeavours to fill this gap in the international literature. To this end, it aims to validate further a previously developed instrument (the Health Democracy Index - HDI) measuring patient organization participation in health policy decision-making. In addition, by utilizing this tool, it aims to provide a snapshot of the degree and impact of cancer patient organization (CPO) participation in Italy and France. Methods A convenient sample of 188 members of CPOs participated in the study (95 respondents from 10 CPOs in Italy and 93 from 12 CPOs in France). Participants completed online a self-reported questionnaire, encompassing the 9-item index and questions enquiring about the type and impact of participation in various facets of health policy decisionmaking. The psychometric properties of the scale were explored by performing factor analysis (construct validity) and by computing Cronbach α (internal consistency). Results Findings indicate that the index has good internal consistency and the construct it taps is unidimensional. The degree and impact of CPO participation in health policy decision-making were found to be low in both countries; however in Italy they were comparatively lower than in France. Conclusion In conclusion, the HDI can be effectively used in international policy and research contexts. CPOs participation is low in Italy and France and concerted efforts should be made on upgrading their role in health policy decision-making.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3351_442a6385f9b850b6c96a5f1129f31ce1.pdf
2018-01-01
48
58
10.15171/ijhpm.2017.44
Patient Participation
Health Policy Decision-Making
Cancer Patient Organizations (CPOs)
Scale
Development
Kyriakos
Souliotis
info@ksouliotis.gr
1
Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Corinth, Greece
LEAD_AUTHOR
Eirini
Agapidaki
eagapidaki@gmail.com
2
Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Corinth, Greece
AUTHOR
Lily Evangelia
Peppou
lilly.peppou@gmail.com
3
Community Mental Health Centre, University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece
AUTHOR
Chara
Tzavara
htzavara@med.uoa.gr
4
Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Corinth, Greece
AUTHOR
Dimitrios
Varvaras
varvarasd@gmail.com
5
Department of Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
AUTHOR
Oreste Claudio
Buonomo
o.buonomo@inwind.it
6
Department of Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
AUTHOR
Dominique
Debiais
dcdebiais@gmail.com
7
Europa Donna France, Paris, France
AUTHOR
Stanimir
Hasurdjiev
stanimir.h@npo.bg
8
Bulgarian National Patients’ Organization, Sofia, Bulgaria
AUTHOR
Francois
Sarkozy
francois.sarkozy@fsnb.eu
9
FSNB Health & Care, Paris, France
AUTHOR
Longtin Y, Sax H, Leape LL, Sheridan S, Donaldson L, Pittet D. Patient Participation: Current Knowledge and Applicability to Patient Safety. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010;85(1):53-62. doi:10.4065/mcp.2009.0248
1
Cahill J. Patient participation - a review of the literature. J Clin Nurs. 1998;7(2):119-128. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1998.00132.x
2
Tattersall RL. The expert patient: a new approach to chronic disease management for the twenty-first century. Clin Med. 2002;2(3):227-229. doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.2-3-227
3
Dicker A, Armstrong D. Patients' views of priority setting in health care: an interview survey in one practice. BMJ. 1995;311(7013):1137-1139. doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7013.1137
4
Florin D. Public involvement in health care. BMJ. 2004;328(7432):159-161. doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7432.159
5
Bowie C, Richardson A, Sykes W. Consulting the public about health service priorities. BMJ. 1995;311(7013):1155-1158. doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7013.1155
6
Thompson AG. The meaning of patient involvement and participation in health care consultations: A taxonomy. Soc Sci Med. 2007;64(6):1297-1310. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.11.002
7
Coulter A. Whatever happened to shared decision-making? Health Expect. 2002;5(3):185-186. doi:10.1046/j.1369-6513.2002.00190.x
8
Coulter A. Involving patients: representation or representativeness? Health Expect. 2002;5(1):1. doi:10.1046/j.1369-6513.2002.00174.x.
9
Coulter A, Parsons SJ. Where Are The Patients In Decision-Making About Their Own Care? Denmark: World Health Organization; 2008.
10
Souliotis K. Looking for democracy in health amidst the fiscal crisis: patient participation in health policy decision making. In: Souliotis K, ed. Democracy, Citizens and Health Policy: Participation in Decision Making, Lobbying and Patient Associations (in Greek). 1st ed. Athens Greece: Papazisis; 2016:23-51.
11
Souliotis K. The concept of Health Democracy: Documentation of a New Approach in Health Policy Decision Making. The Health Democracy Index. Paper presented at: 41 PanHellenic Medical Conference; 2015.
12
Van de Bovenkamp HM, Trappenburg MJ. Government Influence on Patient Organizations. Health Care Analysis. 2011;19(4):329-351. doi:10.1007/s10728-010-0155-7.
13
Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. Ottawa, Canada: WHO; 1986.
14
Hunter DJ. Getting knowledge on 'wicked problems' in health promotion into action. In Clavier C, De Leeuw E, eds. Health Promotion and the Policy Process. Oxford: Oxford University Press;2013:131-153.
15
Hibbard JH, Greene J. What the evidence shows about patient activation: better health outcomes and care experiences; fewer data on costs. Health Aff. 2013;32(2):207-214. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2012.1061
16
Conklin Α, Morris Ζ, Note Ε. Involving the Public in Healthcare Policy. An Update of the Research Evidence and Proposed Evaluation Framework. A Technical Report. Santa Monica; 2010.
17
Lenaghan J. Involving the public in rationing decisions. The experience of citizens juries. Health Policy. 1999;49(1-2):45-61. doi:10.1016/s0168-8510(99)00042-1
18
Mitton C, Smith N, Peacock S, Evoy B, Abelson J. Public participation in health care priority setting: A scoping review. Health Policy. 2009;91(3):219-228. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2009.01.005
19
Höglund AT, Winblad U, Arnetz B, Arnetz JE. Patient participation during hospitalization for myocardial infarction: perceptions among patients and personnel. Scand J Caring Sci. 2010;24(3):482-489. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6712.2009.00738.x
20
Weingart SN, Zhu J, Chiappetta L, et al. Hospitalized patients' participation and its impact on quality of care and patient safety. Int J Qual Health Care. 2011;23(3):269-277. doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzr002
21
Heisler M, Bouknight RR, Hayward RA, Smith DM, Kerr EA. The relative importance of physician communication, participatory decision making, and patient understanding in diabetes self-management. J Gen Intern Med. 2002;17(4):243-252. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2002.10905.x
22
McCorkle R, Ercolano E, Lazenby M, et al. Self-management: Enabling and empowering patients living with cancer as a chronic illness. CA Cancer J Clin. 2011;61(1):50-62. doi:10.3322/caac.20093
23
Holman H. Patients as partners in managing chronic disease. BMJ. 2000;320(7234):526-527. doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7234.526
24
Nutbeam D. Health literacy as a public health goal: a challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century. Health Promot Int. 2000;15(3):259-267. doi:10.1093/heapro/15.3.259
25
Hibbard J, Mahoney E, Stock R, Tusler M. Do Increases in Patient Activation Result in Improved Self-Management Behaviors? Health Serv Res. 2007;42(4):1443-1463. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2006.00669.x
26
Sullivan M. The new subjective medicine: taking the patient's point of view on health care and health. Soc Sci Med. 2003;56(7):1595-1604. doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00159-4
27
Bieber C, Müller K, Blumenstiel K, et al. Long-term effects of a shared decision-making intervention on physician–patient interaction and outcome in fibromyalgia. Patient Educ Couns. 2006;63(3):357-366. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2006.05.003
28
Elwyn G, Edwards A, Mowle S, et al. Measuring the involvement of patients in shared decision-making: a systematic review of instruments. Patient Educ Couns. 2001;43(1):5-22. doi:10.1016/s0738-3991(00)00149-x
29
van de Bovenkamp HM, Trappenburg MJ, Grit KJ. Patient participation in collective healthcare decision making: the Dutch model. Health Expect. 2010;13(1):73-85. doi:10.1111/j.1369-7625.2009.00567.x
30
Raingruber B. The Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions with cancer patients: an integrative review of the literature (2006–2011). ISRN Nurs. 2011;2011:638218. doi:10.5402/2011/638218
31
van Thiel G, Stolk P. Priority Medicines for Europe and the World. A Public Health Approach to Innovation. Update on 2004 Background Paper. Geneva: WHO; 2013.
32
INVOLVE. Briefing notes for researchers: involving the public in NHS, public health and social care research. Eastleigh: INVOLVE; 2012.
33
Viergever R, Olifson S, Ghaffar A, Terry RF. A checklist for health research priority setting: nine common themes of good practice. Health Res Policy Syst. 2010;8:36.
34
Wood B. Patient Power? The Politics of Patients’ Associations in Britain and America. 1st ed. Buckingham: Open University Press; 2000.
35
Harrison S, Barnes M, Mort M. Praise and damnation: mental health user groups and the construction of organisational legitimacy. Public Policy Adm. 1997;12(2):4-16. doi:10.1177/095207679701200202
36
Baggott R, Allsop J, Jones K. Speaking for Patients and Carers: Health Consumer Groups and the Policy Process. 1st ed. Palgrave Macmillan; 2005.
37
Allsop J, Jones K, Baggott R. Health consumer groups in the UK: a new social movement? Sociol Health Illn. 2004;26(6):737-756. doi:10.1111/j.0141-9889.2004.00416.x
38
Cancer - European Commission. Eceuropaeu. 2016. http://ec.europa.eu/health/major_chronic_diseases/diseases/cancer/index_en.htm. Accessed October 26, 2016.
39
Jemal A, Center M, DeSantis C, Ward E. Global Patterns of Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates and Trends. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2010;19(8):1893-1907. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0437
40
Hendren S, Chin N, Fisher S, et al. Patients’ barriers to receipt of cancer care, and factors associated with needing more assistance from a patient navigator. J Natl Med Assoc. 2011;103(8):701-710. doi:10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30409-0
41
Jemal A, Ward E, Wu X, Martin H, McLaughlin C, Thun M. Geographic patterns of prostate cancer mortality and variations in access to medical care in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14(3):590-595. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-04-0522
42
Souliotis K. The involvement of Patient Groups in health policy decision making: Pilot Study in Greece. Paper presented at: II Therapeutic Coalition Conference; 2015.
43
Thouvenin D. French Medical Malpractice Compensation since the Act of March 4, 2002: Liability Rules Combined with Indemnification Rules and Correlated with Several Kinds of Proceedings. Drexel Law Review. 2011;4(165):165-197.
44
Ferré FB, Valerio L, Longhi S, et al. Italy: Health System Review. Copenhagen, Denmark: World Health Organization; 2014.
45
Baggott R, Forster R. Health consumer and patients' organizations in Europe: towards a comparative analysis. Health Expect. 2008;11(1):85-94. doi:10.1111/j.1369-7625.2007.00472.x
46
Barbot J. How to build an “active” patient? The work of AIDS associations in France. Soc Sci Med. 2006;62(3):538-551. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.06.025
47
WHO. Exploring Patient Participation in Reducing Health-Care-Related Safety Risks. Copenhagen, Denmark: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2013.
48
Council of Europe. Recommendation on Patient Safety, Including the Prevention and Control of Healthcare Associated Infections. Brussels, Belgium: Council of the European Union; 2009.
49
WHO. Cross-Border Health Care in the European Union Mapping and Analysing Practices and Policies. Copenhagen, Denmark: World Health Organization on behalf of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies; 2011.
50
O'Connor A, Rostom A, Fiset V, et al. Decision aids for patients facing health treatment or screening decisions: systematic review. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;2(CD001431). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001431
51
Eliasoph H, Monaghan B, Beaudoin R, et al. "We are all in this together": integrated health service plans in Ontario. HCQ. 2007;10(3):82-87. doi:10.12927/hcq.2007.18938
52
Wiseman V, Mooney G, Berry G, Tang K. Involving the general public in priority setting: experiences from Australia. Soc Sci Med. 2003;56(5):1001-1012. doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00091-6
53
Oliver S, Clarke-Jones L, Rees R, et al. Involving consumers in research and development agenda setting for the NHS: developing an evidence-based approach. Health Technol Assess. 2004;8(15):1-148. doi:10.3310/hta8150
54
Legare F, Stacey D, Forest PG. Shared decision-making in Canada: update, challenges and where next! Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitatssich. 2007;101(4):213-221. doi:10.1016/j.zgesun.2007.02.024
55
Goold SD, Biddle AK, Klipp G, Hall CN, Danis M. Choosing health plans all together: a deliberative exercise for allocating limited health care resources. J Health Polit Policy Law. 2005;30(4):563-602. doi:10.1215/03616878-30-4-563
56
Sheridan SL, Harris RP, Woolf SH. Shared decision making about screening and chemoprevention. Am J Prev Med. 2004;26(1):56-66. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2003.09.011
57
Vega A. Healthcare democracy and society's challenges with regard to medicines (French). Soins. 2014;784:31-34.
58
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Patient and Public Involvement Policy. United Kingdom: NICE; 2016.
59
European Union. European Charter of Patients’ Rights. European Commission; 2002.
60
World Health Organization. The Ljubljana Charter on Reforming Health Care in Europe. Copenhagen: WHO; 1996.
61
Council of Europe. The Development of Structures for Citizen and Patient Participation in the Decision-Making Process Affecting Health Care. Strasbourg; 2000.
62
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Economic Inequality in Presenting Vision in Shahroud, Iran: Two Decomposition Methods
Background Visual acuity, like many other health-related problems, does not have an equal distribution in terms of socio-economic factors. We conducted this study to estimate and decompose economic inequality in presenting visual acuity using two methods and to compare their results in a population aged 40-64 years in Shahroud, Iran. Methods: The data of 5188 participants in the first phase of the Shahroud Cohort Eye Study, performed in 2009, were used for this study. Our outcome variable was presenting vision acuity (PVA) that was measured using LogMAR (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution). The living standard variable used for estimation of inequality was the economic status and was constructed by principal component analysis on home assets. Inequality indices were concentration index and the gap between low and high economic groups. We decomposed these indices by the concentration index and BlinderOaxaca decomposition approaches respectively and compared the results. Results The concentration index of PVA was -0.245 (95% CI: -0.278, -0.212). The PVA gap between groups with a high and low economic status was 0.0705 and was in favor of the high economic group. Education, economic status, and age were the most important contributors of inequality in both concentration index and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition. Percent contribution of these three factors in the concentration index and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition was 41.1% vs. 43.4%, 25.4% vs. 19.1% and 15.2% vs. 16.2%, respectively. Other factors including gender, marital status, employment status and diabetes had minor contributions. Conclusion This study showed that individuals with poorer visual acuity were more concentrated among people with a lower economic status. The main contributors of this inequality were similar in concentration index and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition. So, it can be concluded that setting appropriate interventions to promote the literacy and income level in people with low economic status, formulating policies to address economic problems in the elderly, and paying more attention to their vision problems can help to alleviate economic inequality in visual acuity.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3353_aed1a142ddcaf8acc1b65447528ae0be.pdf
2018-01-01
59
69
10.15171/ijhpm.2017.48
Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition
Concentration Index
Inequality
Iran
Presenting Visual Acuity
Asieh
Mansouri
mansouri_a@razi.tums.ac.ir
1
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Hassan
Emamian
emamian@shmu.ac.ir
2
Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
AUTHOR
Hojjat
Zeraati
zeraatih@tums.ac.ir
3
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hasan
Hashemi
hhashemi@norc.ac.ir
4
Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Akbar
Fotouhi
afotouhi@tums.ac.ir
5
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
World Health Organization (WHO). Handbook on health inequality monitoring: with a special focus on low-and middle-income countries. WHO Press; 2013.
1
O'Donnell O, Van Doorslaer E, Wagstaff A, Lindelow M. Analyzing Health Equity Using Household Survey Data: A Guide to Techniques and Their Implementation. Washington: The World Bank; 2009.
2
Fotouhi A, Hashemi H, Mohammad K, Jalali K. The prevalence and causes of visual impairment in Tehran: the Tehran Eye Study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004;88(6):740-745. doi:10.1136/bjo.2003.031153.
3
Hashemi H, Mehravaran S, Emamian MH, Fotouhi A. Five-Year Incidence of Visual Impairment in Middle-Aged Iranians: The Shahroud Eye Cohort Study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2016;24(1):11-16. doi:10.1080/09286586.2016.1255342
4
Pascolini D, Mariotti SP. Global estimates of visual impairment: 2010. Br J Ophthalmol. 2012;96(5):614-618. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2011-300539
5
Singh N, Eeda SS, Gudapati BK, et al. Prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment and their associated risk factors, in three tribal areas of Andhra Pradesh, India. PloS One. 2014,9(7):e100644. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100644
6
Shahriari HA, Izadi S, Rouhani MR, Ghasemzadeh F, Maleki AR. Prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness in Sistan-va-Baluchestan Province, Iran: Zahedan Eye Study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007;91(5):579-584. doi:10.1136/bjo.2006.105734
7
Song W, Sun X, Shao Z, et al. Prevalence and causes of visual impairment in a rural North‐east China adult population: a population based survey in Bin County, Harbin. Acta Ophthalmol. 2010;88(6):669-674. doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2009.01768.x
8
Emamian MH, Zeraati H, Majdzadeh R, Shariati M, Hashemi H, Fotouhi A. The gap of visual impairment between economic groups in Shahroud, Iran: a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition. Am J Epidemiol. 2011;173(12):1463-1467. doi:10.1093/aje/kwr050
9
Gilbert CE, Shah SP, Jadoon MZ, et al. Poverty and blindness in Pakistan: results from the Pakistan national blindness and visual impairment survey. BMJ. 2008;336(7634):29. doi:10.1136/bmj.39395.500046.AE
10
Kirtland KA, Saaddine JB, Geiss LS, Thompson TJ, Cotch MF, Lee PP. Geographic Disparity of Severe Vision Loss-United States, 2009–2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64(19):513-517.
11
Zheng Y, Lamoureux EL, Chiang PP, et al. Literacy is an independent risk factor for vision impairment and poor visual functioning. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52(10):7634-7639. doi:10.1167/iovs.11-7725
12
Zhang X, Cotch MF, Ryskulova A, et al. Vision health disparities in the United States by race/ethnicity, education, and economic status: findings from two nationally representative surveys. Am J Ophthalmol. 2012;154(6):53-62. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2011.08.045
13
Combes JB, Gerdtham UG, Jarl J. Equalisation of alcohol participation among socio-economic groups over time: an analysis based on the total differential approach and longitudinal data from Sweden. Int J Equity Health. 2011;10(10):10-24. doi:10.1186/1475-9276-10-10
14
Fotouhi A, Hashemi H, Shariati M, et al. Cohort Profile: Shahroud eye cohort study. Int J Epidemiol. 2013;42(5):1300-1308. doi:10.1093/ije/dys161
15
Wagstaff A, Van Doorslaer E, Watanabe N. On decomposing the causes of health sector inequalities with an application to malnutrition inequalities in Vietnam. Journal of Econometrics. 2003;112(1):207-223. doi:10.1016/S0304-4076(02)00161-6
16
McKenzie DJ. Measuring inequality with asset indicators. J Popul Econ. 2005;18(2):229-260. doi: 10.1007/s00148-005-0224-7
17
Williams B, Onsman A, Brown T. Exploratory factor analysis: a five-step guide for novices. Journal of Emergency Primary Health Care. 2010;8(3):990399.
18
Vyas S, Kumaranayake L. Constructing socio-economic status indices: how to use principal components analysis. Health Policy Plan. 2006;21(6):459-468.doi:10.1093/heapol/czl029
19
Kakwani N, Wagstaff A, Van Doorslaer E. Socio-economic inequalities in health: measurement, computation, and statistical inference. Journal of Econometrics. 1997;77(1):87-103. doi:10.1016/S0304-4076(96)01807-6
20
Kakwani N. Income Inequality and Poverty: Methods of Estimation and Policy Applications. Oxford University Press; 1980.
21
Madden D. The relationship between low birth weight and socio-economic status in Ireland. J Biosoc Sc. 2014;46(02):248-265. doi:10.1017/S0021932014000455
22
Blinder AS. Wage discrimination: reduced form and structural estimates. J Hum Resour. 1973;8(4):436-455. doi:10.2307/144855
23
Oaxaca R. Male-female wage differentials in urban labor markets. Int Econ Rev. 1973;14(3):693-709. doi:10.2307/2525981
24
Jewell NP. Statistics for Epidemiology. Chapman & Hall/CRC Press; 2003:252-254.
25
Chong EW, Lamoureux EL, Jenkins MA, Aung T, Saw SM, Wong TY. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and medical risk factors for visual impairment in an urban Asian population: the Singapore Malay eye study. Arch Ophthalmol. 2009;127(12):1640-1647. doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.298
26
Cockburn N1, Steven D, Lecuona K, et al. Prevalence, causes and socio-economic determinants of vision loss in Cape Town, South Africa. PloS One. 2012;7(2):e30718. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030718
27
Adigun K, Oluleye TS, Ladipo MM, Olowookere SA. Quality of life in patients with visual impairment in Ibadan: a clinical study in primary care. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2014;7:173-178. doi:10.2147/JMDH.S51359
28
Gupta D, Gulati A, Gupta U. Impact of socio-economic status on ear health and behaviour in children: A cross-sectional study in the capital of India. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;79(11):1842-1850. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.08.022
29
Rius A, Artazcoz L, Guisasola L, Benach J. Visual impairment and blindness in Spanish adults: geographic inequalities are not explained by age or education. Ophthalmology. 2014;121(1):408-416. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.07.017
30
Emamian MH, Zeraati H, Majdzadeh R, Shariati M, Hashemi H, Fotouhi A. Economic inequality in eye care utilization and its determinants: a Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition. Int J Health Policy Manage. 2014;3(6):307-313. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2014.100
31
Emamian MH, Zeraati H, Majdzadeh R, et al. Economic inequality in presenting near vision acuity in a middle-aged population: a Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition. Br J Ophthalmol. 2013;97(9):1100-1103. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-303249
32
Rhodes LA, Huisingh CE, McGwin G Jr, et al. Eye Care Quality and Accessibility Improvement in the Community (EQUALITY): impact of an eye health education program on patient knowledge about glaucoma and attitudes about eye care. Patient Relat Outcome Meas. 2016;7:37-48. doi:10.2147/PROM.S98686
33
Marmamula S, Khanna RC, Rao GN. Unilateral visual impairment in rural south India–Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study (APEDS). Int J Ophthalmol. 2016;9(5):763-767. doi:10.18240/ijo.2016.05.23
34
Zhu RR, Shi J, Yang M, Guan HJ. Prevalence and causes of vision impairment in elderly chinese: a socio-economic perspective of a comparative report nested in Jiangsu Eye Study. Int J Ophthalmol. 2016;9(7):1051-1056. doi:10.18240/ijo.2016.07.19
35
Mousa A, Courtright P, Kazanjian A, Bassett K. Prevalence of visual impairment and blindness in Upper Egypt: a gender-based perspective. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2014;21(3):190-196. doi:10.3109/09286586.2014.906629
36
Khedmati Morasae E, Forouzan AS, Majdzadeh R, Asadi-Lari M, Noorbala AA, Hosseinpoor AR. Understanding determinants of socio-economic inequality in mental health in Iran's capital, Tehran: a concentration index decomposition approach. Int J Equity Health. 2012;11(1):1-13. doi:10.1186/1475-9276-11-18
37
Emamian MH, Zeraati H, Majdzadeh R, Shariati M, Hashemi H, Fotouhi A. Unmet refractive need and its determinants in Shahroud, Iran. Int Ophthalmol. 2012;32(4):329-336. doi:10.1007/s10792-012-9567-8
38
Firpo S, Fortin NM, Lemieux T. Unconditional quantile regressions. Econometrica. 2009;77(3):953-973. doi:10.3982/ECTA6822
39
Chernozhukov V, Fernandez‐Val I, Melly B. Inference on counterfactual distributions. Econometrica. 2013;81(6):2205-2268. doi:10.3982/ECTA10582
40
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Recent Iranian Health System Reform: An Operational Perspective to Improve Health Services Quality
The operational management of healthcare services is expected to directly touch patient experiences. Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MoHME) for the first time, as such, has sought to improve the operational management of healthcare delivery within a reform agenda by setting benchmarks for ‘number of visit per hour’ and waiting time in outpatient clinics of about 700 affiliated hospitals. As a new initiative, it has faced with mixed reactions and various doubts have been cast on its successful implementation. This manuscript aims to shed some light on the operational challenges of the initiative and the requirements of its successful implementation.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3397_d858ccf1961f7b68ec1a264fa7a7f406.pdf
2018-01-01
70
74
10.15171/ijhpm.2017.89
Health System Reform
Iran
Appointment Planning Systems
Outpatient Scheduling Systems
Service Quality Improvement
Operational management
Mahdi
Mahdavi
info.mahdavi@gmail.com
1
Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahboubeh
Parsaeian
mahbobehparsaeian@yahoo.com
2
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ebrahim
Jaafaripooyan
jaafaripooyan@tums.ac.ir
3
Department of Health Management & Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Shahram
Ghaffari
ghaffari.s@ssor.ir
4
Social Security Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Africa SS. Financing for health: where there’s a will.... Lancet Glob Health. 2016;4(10):e663. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30226-1
1
Vissers J, Beech R. Health operations management: patient flow logistics in health care. Psychology Press; 2005.
2
Kujala J, Lillrank P, Kronström V, Peltokorpi A. Time-based management of patient processes. J Heal Organ Manag. 2006;20(6):512-524.
3
Soleimanpour H, Gholipouri C, Salarilak S, et al. Emergency department patient satisfaction survey in Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz, Iran. Int J Emerg Med. 2011;4:2. doi:10.1186/1865-1380-1-2
4
Sadjadian A, Kaviani A, Yunesian M, Montazeri A. Patient satisfaction: a descriptive study of a breast care clinic in Iran. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2004;13(2):163-168.
5
Health Sector Evolution, 2014. Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education website. http://www.behdasht.gov.ir/.
6
Rezaei S, Rahimi Foroushani A, Arab M, Jaafaripooyan E. Effects of the new health reform plan on the performance indicators of Hamedan university hospitals (Persian).
7
Mohebbifar R, Hasanpoor E, Mohseni M, Sokhanvar M, Khosravizadeh O, Mousavi Isfahani H. Outpatient waiting time in health services and teaching hospitals: a case study in Iran. Glob J Health Sci. 2014;6(1):172–180.
8
Heshmati B, Joulaei H. Iran’s health-care system in transition. Lancet. 2016;387(10013):29–30. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01297-0
9
Rad AM. A survey of total quality management in Iran: Barriers to successful implementation in health care organizations. Int J Health Care Qual Assur Inc Leadersh Health Serv. 2005;18(4-5):xii-xxxiv.
10
Mosadeghrad AM. Obstacles to TQM success in health care systems. Int J Health Care Qual Assur. 2013;26(2):147-173. doi:10.1108/09526861311297352
11
Mosadeghrad AM. Why TQM does not work in Iranian healthcare organisations. Int J Health Care Qual Assur. 2014;27(4):320-335. doi:10.1108/IJHCQA-11-2012-0110
12
Moradi-Lakeh M, Vosoogh-Moghaddam A. Health sector evolution plan in iran; equity and sustainability concerns. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2015;4(10):637-640. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.160
13
Kavosi Z, Rashidian A, Pourreza A, et al. Inequality in household catastrophic health care expenditure in a low-income society of Iran. Health Policy Plan. 2012;27(7):613-623.
14
Musgrove P, Creese A, Preker A, Baeza C, Anell A, Prentice T. Health Systems: Improving Performance. World Health Organization; 2000.
15
Iranian National Institute of Health Research. Study of Healthcare Utilization in Iran. Tehran; 2014.
16
Damschroder LJ, Aron DC, Keith RE, Kirsh SR, Alexander JA, Lowery JC. Fostering implementation of health services research findings into practice: a consolidated framework for advancing implementation science. Implement Sci. 2009;4:50. doi:10.1186/1748-5908-4-50
17
Koker A. Healthcare management engineering: What does this fancy term really mean? New York: Springer; 2012. Springer Briefs in Health Care Management and Economics.
18
Brandenburg L, Gabow P, Steele G. Innovation and Best Practices in Health Care Scheduling. Institute of Medicine; 2015.
19
Gupta D, Denton B. Appointment scheduling in health care: challenges and opportunities. IIE Trans. 2008;40(9):800-819.
20
Bahadori MK, Mohammadnejhad SM, Ravangard R, Teymourzadeh E. Using queuing theory and simulation model to optimize hospital pharmacy performance. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2014;16(3):e16807. doi:10.5812/ircmj.16807
21
Agrrizi D, Agyemang G, Jaafaripooyan E. Conforming to accreditation in Iranian hospitals. Account Forum. 2016;40:106–124.
22
Mahdavi M, Malmström T, van de Klundert J, Elkhuizen J. Generic operational models in health service operations management: a systematic review. Socioecon Plann Sci. 2013;47(4):271-280.
23
Zonderland ME, Boucherie RJ, Litvak N, Vleggeert-Lankamp CL. Planning and scheduling of semi-urgent surgeries. Health Care Manag Sci. 2010;13(3):256-267.
24
Cayirli T, Veral E. Outpatient scheduling in health care: a review of literature. Prod Oper Manag. 2003;12(4):519-449. doi:10.1111/j.1937-5956.2003.tb00218.x
25
Hall R. Handbook of Healthcare System Scheduling. Springer Science+Business Media; 2012.
26
Ben-Tovim DI, Dougherty ML, O’Connell TJ, McGrath KM. Patient journeys: the process of clinical redesign. Med J Aust. 2008;188(6 suppl):S14-S17.
27
Cayirli T, Yang KK, Quek SA. A universal appointment rule in the presence of no-shows and walk-ins. Pord Oper Manag. 2012;21(4):682-697. doi:10.1111/j.1937-5956.2011.01297.x
28
Cayirli T, Veral E, Rosen H. Designing appointment scheduling systems for ambulatory care services. Health Care Manag Sci. 2006 Feb;9(1):47-58
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
WHO FCTC as a Pioneering and Learning Instrument; Comment on “The Legal Strength of International Health Instruments - What It Brings to Global Health Governance?”
The World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) is a unique global health instrument, since it is in the health field the only instrument that is international law. After the 10 years of its existence an Independent Expert Group assessed the impact of the FCTC using all available data and visiting a number of countries interviewing different stakeholders. It is quite clear that the Treaty has acted as a strong catalyst and framework for national actions and that remarkable progress in global tobacco control can be seen. At the same time FCTC has moved tobacco control in countries from a pure health issue to a legal responsibility of the whole government, and on the international level created stronger interagency collaboration. The assessment also showed the many challenges. The spread of tobacco use, as well as of other risk lifestyles, is related to globalization. FCTC is a pioneering example of global action to counteract the negative social consequences of globalization. A convention is not an easy instrument, but the FCTC has undoubtedly sparked thinking and development of other stronger public health instruments and of needed governance structures.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3369_b53f251829cf07bc1ba35166c207c8d8.pdf
2018-01-01
75
77
10.15171/ijhpm.2017.63
Tobacco Control
International Treaty
Impact Assessment
Globalization
Pekka
Puska
pekka.puska@thl.fi
1
National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nikogosian H, Kickbusch I. The legal strength of international health instruments - What it brings to global health governance? Int J Health Policy Manag. 2016;5(12):683-685. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2016.122
1
World Health Organization. Preventing Chronic Diseases – A Vital Investment. Geneva: WHO; 2005.
2
Puska P, Ståhl T. Health in All Policies – the Finnish Initiative: background, principles and current issues. Annu Rev Public Health. 2010;31:315-328. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.012809.103658
3
World Health Organization. Global Plan for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases 2013-2020. Geneva: WHO; 2013.
4
World Health Organization. WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Geneva: WHO; 2003.
5
Shafey O, Eriksen M, Ross H, Mackay J. The Tobacco Atlas. 3rd ed. Atlanta: American Cancer Society; 2009.
6
WHO FCTC. Impact Assessment of the WHO FCTC. Report by Expert Group. WHO website. http://www.who.int/fctc/implementation/impact/en/.
7
2016 global progress report of the implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Control Control. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.
8
Chung-Hall J, Craig L, Gravely S, Fong GT. Impact of the WHO framework Convention on Tobacco Control on the Implementation and Effectiveness of Tobacco Control Measures: A Global Evidence Review. ITC Project. Waterloo, Ontario, Canada: University of Waterloo; 2016.
9
Gravely S, Giovino GA, Craig L, Commar A, D’Espaignet ET, Schotte K, Fong GT. Implementation of key demand-reduction measures of the WHO Framework Convention of Tobacco Control and change in smoking prevalence in 126 countries: an association study. Lancet. 2016;2:e166-174.
10
ILO. A fair globalization: Creating Opportunities for All. World Commission on the Social Dimensions of Globalization. Geneva: International Labour Office; 2004.
11
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Polycentrism in Global Health Governance Scholarship; Comment on “Four Challenges That Global Health Networks Face”
Drawing on an in-depth analysis of eight global health networks, a recent essay in this journal argued that global health networks face four challenges to their effectiveness: problem definition, positioning, coalition-building, and governance. While sharing the argument of the essay concerned, in this commentary, we argue that these analytical concepts can be used to explicate a concept that has implicitly been used in global health governance scholarship for quite a few years. While already prominent in the discussion of climate change governance, for instance, global health governance scholarship could make progress by looking at global health governance as being polycentric. Concisely, polycentric forms of governance mix scales, mechanisms, and actors. Drawing on the essay, we propose a polycentric approach to the study of global health governance that incorporates coalitionbuilding tactics, internal governance and global political priority as explanatory factors.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3370_c7585ab0aeb07fbf6089d1055e0b423f.pdf
2018-01-01
78
80
10.15171/ijhpm.2017.64
Coalition-Building Tactics
Global Health Networks
Governance
Polycentrism
Jale
Tosun
jale.tosun@ipw.uni-heidelberg.de
1
Institute of Political Science, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
LEAD_AUTHOR
Collin J, Lee K, Bissell K. The framework convention on tobacco control: the politics of global health governance. Third World Quarterly. 2002;23(2):265-282.
1
Hill PS. Understanding global health governance as a complex adaptive system. Glob Public Health. 2011;6(6):593-605. doi:10.1080/17441691003762108
2
Frenk J, Moon S. Governance Challenges in Global Health. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(10):936-942. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1109339
3
Shiffman J. Four Challenges that Global Health Networks Face. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2017;6(4):183-189. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2017.14
4
Bernstein S. Legitimacy in Intergovernmental and Non-State Global Governance. Rev Int Polit Econ. 2011;18(1):17-51.
5
Abbott KW. The transnational regime complex for climate change. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy. 2012;30:571-590.
6
Cole DH. From global to polycentric climate governance. Climate Law. 2011;2:395-413.
7
Cole DH. Advantages of a polycentric approach to climate change policy. Nat Clim Chang. 2015;5(2):114-118. doi:10.1038/nclimate2490
8
Jordan AJ, Huitema D, Hildén M, et al. Emergence of polycentric climate governance and its future prospects. Nat Clim Chang. 2015;5(11):977-982. doi:10.1038/nclimate2725
9
Ostrom E. Polycentric systems for coping with collective action and global environmental change. Glob Environ Change. 2010;20:550-557. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.07.004
10
Sovacool BK. An international comparison of four polycentric approaches to climate and energy governance. Energy Policy. 2011;39(6):3832-3844. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2011.04.014
11
Ooms G, Beiersmann C, Flores W, et al. Synergies and tensions between universal health coverage and global health security: why we need a second ‘maximizing positive synergies’ initiative. BMJ Glob Health. 2017;2(1):e000217. Doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000217
12
Van de Pas R, Hill PS, Hammonds R, et al. Global health governance in the sustainable development goals: is it grounded in the right to health? Global Challenges. 2017;1(1):47-60. doi:10.1002/gch2.1022
13
Persson Å, Weitz N, Nilsson M. Follow-up and review of the sustainable development goals: alignment vs. internalization. Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law. 2016;25(1):59-68. doi:10.1111/reel.12150
14
Shiffman J, Schmitz HP, Berlan D, et al. The emergence and effectiveness of global health networks: findings and future research. Health Policy Plan. 2016;31(Suppl 1):i110-i123. doi:10.1093/heapol/czw012
15
Schattschneider E. The Semi-Sovereign People. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston; 1960.
16
Ney S. Making sense of the global health crisis: policy narratives, conflict, and global health governance. J Health Polit Policy Law. 2012;37(2):253-295. doi:10.1215/03616878-1538620
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Bright Elusive Butterfly of Value in Health Technology Development; Comment on “Providing Value to New Health Technology: The Early Contribution of Entrepreneurs, Investors, and Regulatory Agencies”
The current system of health technology development is characterised by multiple misalignments. The “supply” side (innovation policy-makers, entrepreneurs, investors) and the “demand” side (health policy-makers, regulators, health technology assessment, purchasers) operate under different – and conflicting – logics. The system is less a “pathway” than an unstable ecosystem of multiple interacting sub-systems. “Value” means different things to each of the numerous actors involved. Supply-side dynamics are built on fictions; regulatory checks and balances are designed to assure quality, safety and efficacy, not to ensure that technologies entering the market are either desirable or cost-effective. Assessment of comparative and cost-effectiveness usually comes too late in the process to shape an innovation’s development. We offer no simple solutions to these problems, but in the spirit of commencing a much-needed public debate, we suggest some tentative ways forward. First, universities and public research funders should play a more proactive role in shaping the system. Second, the role of industry in forging long-term strategic partnerships for public benefit should be acknowledged (though not uncritically). Third, models of “responsible innovation” and public input to research priority-setting should be explored. Finally, the evidence base on how best to govern inter-sectoral health research partnerships should be developed and applied.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3372_ccb4fbb81d08d24206fba5ba74219427.pdf
2018-01-01
81
85
10.15171/ijhpm.2017.65
Innovation Policy
Health Policy
Health Technology Assessment
Technology-Based Ventures
Health Research Systems
Trisha
Greenhalgh
trish.greenhalgh@phc.ox.ac.uk
1
Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nick
Fahy
nick_fahy@randeurope.org
2
Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
AUTHOR
Sara
Shaw
sara.shaw@phc.ox.ac.uk
3
Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
AUTHOR
Lehoux P, Miller FA, Daudelin G, Denis JL. Providing value to new health technology: the early contribution of entrepreneurs, investors, and regulatory agencies. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2017; Forthcoming. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2017.11
1
Lehoux P, Daudelin G, Williams-Jones B, Denis J-L, Longo C. How do business model and health technology design influence each other? Insights from a longitudinal case study of three academic spin-offs. Res Policy. 2014;43(6):1025-1038.
2
Lehoux P, Miller F, Daudelin G, Urbach D. How venture capitalists decide which new medical technologies come to exist. Sci Public Policy. 2016;43(3):375-385.
3
Lehoux P, Daudelin G, Hivon M, Miller FA, Denis JL. How do values shape technology design? An exploration of what makes the pursuit of health and wealth legitimate in academic spin-offs. Sociol Health Illn. 2014;36(5):738-755. doi:10.1111/1467-9566.12097
4
Lehoux P. Why examining the desirability of health technology matters. Healthc Policy. 2008;3(3):29-39.
5
Lehoux P. The duality of health technology in chronic illness: how designers envision our future. Chronic Illn. 2008;4(2):85-97. doi:10.1177/1742395308092475
6
Lehoux P, Daudelin G, Demers-Payette O, Boivin A. Fostering deliberations about health innovation: what do we want to know from publics? Soc Sci Med. 2009;68(11):2002-2009. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.03.017
7
Lehoux P, Denis JL, Rock M, Hivon M, Tailliez S. How medical specialists appraise three controversial health innovations: scientific, clinical and social arguments. Sociol Health Illn. 2010;32(1):123-139. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9566.2009.01192.x
8
Scott WR. Institutions and Organizations: Ideas, Interests, and Identities. Sage Publications; 2013.
9
Chesbrough H, Rosenbloom RS. The role of the business model in capturing value from innovation: evidence from Xerox Corporation's technology spin‐off companies. Industrial and Corporate Change. 2002;11(3):529-555.
10
Leonardi PM, Barley SR. What’s under construction here? Social action, materiality, and power in constructivist studies of technology and organizing. Acad Manag Ann. 2010;4(1):1-51.
11
Brown N. Hope against hype-accountability in biopasts, presents and futures. Science & Technology Studies. 2003;28(2):3-21.
12
Markiewicz K, van Til JA, MJ IJ. Medical devices early assessment methods: systematic literature review. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2014;30(2):137-146. doi:10.1017/s0266462314000026
13
HM Treasury Department of Culture MaS. Next Generation Mobile Technologies: A 5G Strategy for the UK. London: Stationery Office; 2017. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/597421/07.03.17_5G_strategy_-_for_publication.pdf. Accessed March 8, 2017.
14
Greenhalgh T, Swinglehurst D, Stones R. Rethinking ‘resistance’ to big IT: A sociological study of why and when healthcare staff do not use nationally mandated information and communication technologies. Health Services and Delivery Research. 2014;39(2):1-86. doi:10.3310/hsdr02390
15
Grunwald A. Responsible innovation: bringing together technology assessment, applied ethics, and STS research. Enterprise and Work Innovation Studies. 2011;31:10-19.
16
Von Schomberg R. A vision of responsible research and innovation. In: Owen R, Heintz M, Bessant J, eds. Responsible innovation: Managing the responsible emergence of science and innovation in society. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley; 2013:51-74.
17
Owen R, Macnaghten P, Stilgoe J. Responsible research and innovation: From science in society to science for society, with society. Sci Public Policy. 2012;39(6):751-760.
18
Stilgoe J, Owen R, Macnaghten P. Developing a framework for responsible innovation. ResPolicy. 2013;42(9):1568-1580.
19
UK Department of Health (NHS Improvement and Efficiency Directorate). Innovation, Health and Wealth: Accelerating adoption and diffusion in the NHS. London: Department of Health; 2011. http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130107105354/http:/www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/documents/digitalasset/dh_134597.pdf. Accessed February 18, 2017.
20
Smith J. Technological innovation in health care: Report of the Standing Commission on Health. Ottawa: Government of Canada; 2013. http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?Language=e&Mode=1&Parl=41&Ses=1&DocId=6221741. Accessed February 17, 2017.
21
Garber S, Gates S, Keeler EB, et al. Redirecting Innovation in U.S. Health Care: Options to Decrease Spending and Increase Value. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation; 2014. http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR308.html. Accessed February 17, 2017.
22
Bienkowska-Gibbs T, Exley J, Saunders CL, et al. Evaluating the Role and Contribution of Innovation to Health and Wealth in the UK: A Review of Innovation, Health and Wealth: Phase 1 Final Report. Rand Health Quarterly. 2016;6(1).
23
Naylor D, Fraser N, Girard F, Jenkins T, Mintz J, Power C. Unleashing innovation: Excellent healthcare for Canada. Report of the Advisory Panel on Healthcare Innovation. Ottawa: Health Canada; 2015. http://www.healthycanadians.gc.ca/publications/health-system-systeme-sante/report-healthcare-innovation-rapport-soins/alt/report-healthcare-innovation-rapport-soins-eng.pdf. Accessed February 26, 2017.
24
Walshe K, McKee M, McCarthy M, et al. Health systems and policy research in Europe: Horizon 2020. Lancet. 2013;382(9893):668. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62195-3
25
Edgerton D. Time for evidence based research policy. British Medical Journal Publishing Group; 2016.
26
Emanuel EJ. The future of biomedical research. JAMA. 2013;309(15):1589-1590.
27
Walshe K, McKee M, Groenewegen P, et al. Reshaping the agenda of the European Commission for the health systems and policy research in Europe within Horizon 2020. Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Public Health. 2013;10(2).
28
Greenhalgh T, Russell J. Why do evaluations of ehealth programs fail? an alternative set of guiding principles. PLoS Med. 2010;7(11):e1000360. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000360
29
Lowe C. Telehealth Soapbox: Time to bid farewell to the Whole Systems Demonstrator? Telehealth & Telecare Aware. PublishedJuly 22, 2013. Accessed March 12, 2017. http://telecareaware.com/telehealth-soapbox-time-to-bid-farewell-to-the-wsd/.
30
Petit-Zeman S, Firkins L, Scadding JW. The James Lind Alliance: tackling research mismatches. Lancet. 2010;376(9742):667-669. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60712-X
31
Deane KH, Flaherty H, Daley DJ, et al. Priority setting partnership to identify the top 10 research priorities for the management of Parkinson's disease. BMJ Open. 2014;4(12):e006434. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006434
32
Chalmers I, Bracken MB, Djulbegovic B, et al. How to increase value and reduce waste when research priorities are set. Lancet. 2014;383(9912):156-165. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62229-1
33
Greenhalgh T, Wherton J, Sugarhood P, Hinder S, Procter R, Stones R. What matters to older people with assisted living needs? A phenomenological analysis of the use and non-use of telehealth and telecare. Soc Sci Med. 2013;93:86-94. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.05.036
34
Greenhalgh T, Stramer K, Bratan T, et al. The Devil's in the Detail: Final report of the independent evaluation of the Summary Care Record and HealthSpace programmes. London: University College London; 2010.
35
Villa S, Compagni A, Reich MR. Orphan drug legislation: lessons for neglected tropical diseases. Int J Health Plann Manage. 2009;24(1):27-42. doi:10.1002/hpm.930
36
Hanney S, Kuruvilla S, Soper B, Mays N. Who needs what from a national health research system: lessons from reforms to the English Department of Health's R&D system. Health Res Policy Syst. 2010;8:11. doi:10.1186/1478-4505-8-11
37
Ferlie E, Fitzgerald L, McGivern G, Dopson S, Bennett C. Making Wicked Problems Governable? The Case of Managed Networks in Health Care. Oxford: OUP; 2013.
38
Ramaswamy V, Ozcan K. The Co-creation Paradigm. Stanford University Press; 2014.
39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Priority Setting: Right Answer to a Far Too Narrow Question?; Comment on “Global Developments in Priority Setting in Health”
In their recent editorial, Baltussen and colleagues provide a concise summary of the prevailing discourse on priority-setting in health policy. Their perspective is entirely consistent with current practice, yet they unintentionally demonstrate the narrowness and moral precariousness of that discourse and practice. I respond with demonstrations of the importance of ‘interrogating scarcity’ in a variety of contexts.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3373_2cac6509dea2792d37c3486634f96419.pdf
2018-01-01
86
88
10.15171/ijhpm.2017.66
Resource Allocation
Scarcity
Priority-Setting
Neoliberalism
Distributive Justice
Ted
Schrecker
theodore.schrecker@newcastle.ac.uk
1
School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, University Boulevard, Stockton-on-Tees, UK
LEAD_AUTHOR
Baltussen R, Mitton C, Danis M, Williams I, Gold M. Global Developments in Priority Setting in Health. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2017;6(3):127-128. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2017.10
1
Gornall J, Hoey A, Ozieranski P. A pill too hard to swallow: how the NHS is limiting access to high priced drugs. BMJ. 2016;354:i4117. doi:10.1136/bmj.i4117
2
Garnham JJ, Scott HNA. Soaring cost of patented medication affects NHS resource allocation. BMJ. 2015; 351:h5114. doi:10.1136/bmj.h5114
3
Gøtzsche PC. Big pharma often commits corporate crime, and this must be stopped. BMJ. 2012;345:e8462.
4
Almashat S, Wolfe SM, and Carome M. Twenty-Five Years of Pharmaceutical Industry Criminal and Civil Penalties: 1991 Through 2015. Washington, DC: Public Citizen; 2016. https://www.citizen.org/documents/2311.pdf.
5
Chang H-J. Kicking Away the Ladder: Development Strategy in Historical Perspective. London: Anthem Press; 2002.
6
Sell SK. Private Power, Public Law: The Globalization of Intellectual Property Rights. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003:96.
7
Maynard A. Shrinking the state: The fate of the NHS and social care. J R Soc Med. 2017;110:49-51.
8
Taylor-Gooby P. Root and Branch Restructuring to Achieve Major Cuts: The Social Policy Programme of the 2010 UK Coalition Government. Soc Policy Adm. 2012;46:61-82. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9515.2011.00797.x
9
Johnson P. Autumn Statement briefing 2014: Introductory remarks. London: Institute for Fiscal Studies; 2014. http://www.ifs.org.uk/uploads/publications/budgets/as2014/as2014_johnson.pdf.
10
Centre on Global Health Security Working Group on Health Financing. Shared Responsibilities for Health: A Coherent Global Framework for Health Financing, Chatham House Report. London: Chatham House; 2014. http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/files/chathamhouse/field/field_document/20140521HealthFinancing.pdf.
11
Reeves A, Gourtsoyannis Y, Basu S, McCoy D, McKee M, Stuckler D. Financing universal health coverage: effects of alternative tax structures on public health systems: cross-national modelling in 89 low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet. 2015;386(9990):274-280. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60574-8
12
Mudur G. Experts question how India will meet promises on public health after cut in budget for 2015-16. BMJ. 2015;350:h1244. doi:10.1136/bmj.h1244
13
Rowden R. West Africa's Financial Immune Deficiency. Foreign Policy. 2014 October 30. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/10/30/west_africas_financial_immune_deficiency_ebola_imf.
14
People's Health Movement. Ebola epidemic exposes the pathology of the global economic and political system, PHM Position Paper. http://www.phmovement.org/sites/www.phmovement.org/files/phm_ebola_23_09_2014final_0.pdf. Published 2014.
15
Kentikelenis A, King L, McKee M, Stuckler D. The International Monetary Fund and the Ebola outbreak. Lancet Glob Health. 2015;3:e69-e70.
16
Forstater M. Gaps in Trade Data do not equal Criminal Money Laundering. Center for Global Development website. http://www.cgdev.org/blog/gaps-trade-data-criminal-money-laundering. Published 2017.
17
Baker R, Cardamone T, Kar D, Pogge T, Solheim E, eds. Illicit Financial Flows: The Most Damaging Economic Condition Facing the Developing World. Washington, DC: Global Financial Integrity; 2015. http://www.gfintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Ford-Book-Final.pdf.
18
High Level Panel on Illicit Financial Flows from Africa. Illicit Financial Flows: Report of the High Level Panel on Illicit Financial Flows from Africa. Addis Ababa: AU/ECA Conference of Ministers of Finance, Planning and Economic Development; 2015.
19
Kar D, Schjelderup G. Financial Flows and Tax Havens: Combining to Limit the Lives of Billions of People. Global Financial Integrity website. http://www.gfintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Financial_Flows-final.pdf. Published 2016.
20
Pedrique B, Strub-Wourgaft N, Some C, et al. The drug and vaccine landscape for neglected diseases (2000-11): a systematic assessment. Lancet Glob Health. 2013;1:e371-e379. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70078-0
21
Vakili K, McGahan AM. Health care's grand challenge: stimulating basic science on diseases that primarily afflict the poor. Academy of Management Journal. 2016;59:1917-39.
22
Rid A, Littlejohns P, Wilson J, Rumbold B, Kieslich K, Weale A. The importance of being NICE. J R Soc Med. 2015;108:385-389.
23
Schrecker T. Interrogating scarcity: how to think about "resource-scarce settings." Health Policy Plan. 2013;28:400-409. doi:10.1093/heapol/czs071
24
Klein R. Rationing in the fiscal ice age. Health Economics, Policy and Law. 2010;5:389-396.
25
Edwards N, Crump H, Dayan M. Rationing in the NHS. London: Nuffield Trust; 2015:8.
26
Ham C. Next steps on the NHS five year forward view. BMJ. 2017;357:j1678. doi:10.1136/bmj.j1678.
27
Campbell D. Record number of people undergoing amputations because of diabetes. Guardian. July 15, 2015. https://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/jul/15/rise-diabetes-amputations-figures.
28
Green M, Dorling D, Minton J. The geography of a rapid rise in elderly mortality in England and Wales, 2014-15. Health Place. 2017;44:77-85.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
All Health Partnerships, Great and Small: Comparing Mandated With Emergent Health Partnerships; Comment on “Evaluating Global Health Partnerships: A Case Study of a Gavi HPV Vaccine Application Process in Uganda”
The plurality of healthcare providers and funders in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has given rise to an era in which health partnerships are becoming the norm in international development. Whether mandated or emergent, three common drivers are essential for ensuring successful health partnerships: trust; a diverse and inclusive network; and a clear governance structure. Mandated and emergent health partnerships operate as very different models and at different scales. However, there is potential for sharing and learning between these types of partnerships. Emergent health partnerships, especially as they scale up, may learn from mandated partnerships about establishing clear governance mandates for larger and more complex partnerships. By combining social network analysis, which can detect key actors and stakeholders that could add value to existing emergent partnerships, with Brinkerhoff’s comprehensive framework for partnership evaluation, we can identify a set of tools that could be used to evaluate the effectiveness and sustainability of emergent health partnerships.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3375_318fc48f2dbf6b15162730b40f61e26e.pdf
2018-01-01
89
91
10.15171/ijhpm.2017.68
Health Partnership
Mandated Partnerships
Emergent Partnerships
Social Network Analysis
Principles of Partnership
Elaine
Green
emgreenconsulting@gmail.com
1
Independent Health and HIV&AIDS Consultant, Hampton, UK
AUTHOR
Dan
Ritman
dan@thet.org
2
Tropical Health and Education Trust, London, UK
AUTHOR
Graeme
Chisholm
graeme@thet.org
3
Tropical Health and Education Trust, London, UK
LEAD_AUTHOR
Lorenz N. Effectiveness of global health partnerships: will the past repeat itself? Bull World Health Organ. 2007;85(7):501-568.
1
United Nations. Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/transformingourworld/publication. Accessed February 12, 2017. Published 2015.
2
Partnerships UIH. Global compact for progress towards universal health coverage. https://www.internationalhealthpartnership.net/fileadmin/uploads/ihp/Documents/About_IHP_/mgt_arrangemts___docs/UHC_Alliance/UHC2030_Global_Compact_WEB.pdf. Accessed May 23, 2017.
3
Cadée F, Nieuwenhuijze MJ, Lagro-Janssen ALM, Vries RD. The state of the art of twinning, a concept analysis of twinning in healthcare. Health 2016;12(66). doi:10.1186/s12992-016-0205-5
4
Kamya C, Shearer J, Asiimwe G, et al. Evaluating global health partnerships: a case study of a Gavi HPV vaccine application process in Uganda. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2017;6(6):327-338. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2016.137.
5
Popp J, Milward HB, MacKean G, Casebeer A, Lindstrom R. Inter-Organizational Networks: A Review of the Literature to Inform Practice. IBM Center for The Buisness of Government; 2014.
6
Principles of Partnership. THET website. http://www.thet.org/pops/principles-of-partnership. Accessed June 5, 2017.
7
Harris M, Weisberger E, Silver D, Macinko J. 'They hear "Africa" and they think that there can't be any good services'--perceived context in cross-national learning: a qualitative study of the barriers to Reverse Innovation. Glob Health. 2015;11:45. doi:10.1186/s12992-015-0130-z
8
Chisholm G, Green E, Simms B. In our mutual interest. Tropical Health and Education Trust; 2016.
9
Kelly E, Doyle V, Weakliam D, Schönemann Y. A rapid evidence review on the effectiveness of institutional health partnerships. Glob Health. 2015;11:48. doi:10.1186/s12992-015-0133-9
10
Brinkerhoff JM. Assessing and improving partnership relationships and outcomes: a proposed framework. Eval Program Plan. 2002;25(3):215-231. doi:10.1016/S0149-7189(02)00017-4
11
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Personalisation - An Emergent Institutional Logic in Healthcare?; Comment on “(Re) Making the Procrustean Bed? Standardization and Customization as Competing Logics in Healthcare”
This commentary on the recent think piece by Mannion and Exworthy reviews their core arguments, highlighting their suggestion that recent forces for personalization have emerged which may counterbalance the strong standardization wave which has been evident in many healthcare settings and systems over the last two decades. These forces for personalization can take very different forms. The commentary explores the authors’ suggestion that these themes can be fruitfully examined theoretically through an institutional logics (ILs) literature, which has recently been applied by some scholars to healthcare settings. This commentary outlines key premises of that theoretical tradition. Finally, the commentary makes suggestions for taking this IL influenced research agenda further, along with some issues to be addressed.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3377_771fb39c9b99daa73feeb971affb01d6.pdf
2018-01-01
92
95
10.15171/ijhpm.2017.71
Institutional Logics (ILs)
Standardisation
Personalization
Healthcare
Ewan
Ferlie
ewan.ferlie@kcl.ac.uk
1
School of Management and Business, King’s College London, London, UK
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mannion, R., and Exworthy, M. ‘(Re) Making the procrustean bed? Standardisation and customization as competing logics in healthcare. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2017;6(6):301-304. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2017.35
1
Thornton P, Ocasio W. Institutional logics and the historical contingency of power in organizations: executive succession in the higher education publishing industry, 1958–1990. Am J Soc. 1998;105(3):801-843.
2
Power M. The Audit Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1997.
3
Newman J, Clarke J. Publics, Politics and Power. London: Sage, 2009.
4
Rose N. Powers of Freedom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1999.
5
Reay T, Hinings CR. Managing the rivalry of competing institutional logics. Organ Stud. 2009;30(6):629-652.
6
Currie G, Spyridonidis D. Interpretation of multiple institutional logics on the ground: Actors’ position, their agency and situational constraints in professionalized contexts. Organ Stud. 2016;37(1):77-97. doi:10.1177/0170840615604503
7
Scott WR, Ruef M, Mendel P, Caronna C. Institutional Change and Healthcare Organizations: From Professional Dominance to Managed Care. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 2000.
8
Meyer JW, Rowan B. Institutionalized organizations: formal structure as myth and ceremony. American Journal of Sociology. 1977;83(2):340-363.
9
DiMaggio P, Powell WW. The iron cage revisited: collective rationality and institutional isomorphism in organizational fields. Am Sociol Rev. 1983;48(2):147-160
10
Porter M. Competitive Strategy. New York: Free Press; 1980.
11
Ferlie E, Ledger J, Dopson S, et al. The political economy of management knowledge: management texts in English healthcare organizations. Public Adm. 2016;94(1):185-203. doi:10.1111/padm.12221
12
Greenwood R, Hinings CR. Understanding strategic change: the contribution of archetypes. Acad Manage J. 1993;36(5):1052-1081.
13
Kuhn, T. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1962.
14
Besharov ML, Smith WK. Multiple institutional logics in organizations: explaining their varied nature and implications. Acad Manage Rev. 2014;39(3):364-381. doi:10.5465/amr.2011.0431.
15
Binder A. For love and money: Organizations’ creative responses to multiple environmental logics. Theor Soc.2007;36(6):547-571. doi:10.1007/s11186-007-9045-x
16
Denis JL, Ferlie E, Van Gestel N. Understanding hybridity in public organizations. Public Adm. 2015;93(2):273-289.
17
Spitzmueller MC. Shifting practices of recovery under community mental health reform: A street-level organizational ethnography. Qual Soc Work. 2014;13(1):26-48.
18
Thornton PH, Ocasio W, Lounsbury M. The institutional logics perspective: a new approach to culture, structure, and process. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2012.
19
Scott WR. Lords of the dance: professionals as institutional agents. Organ Stud. 2008;29(2):219-238.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evidence-Informed Deliberative Processes – Early Dialogue, Broad Focus and Relevance: A Response to Recent Commentaries
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3393_1ce7a5a7dd4d505e8d672cf7c333c11f.pdf
2018-01-01
96
97
10.15171/ijhpm.2017.88
Universal Health Coverage (UHC)
Priority Setting
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Evidence-Informed Deliberative Processes
Decision-Making
Legitimacy
Maarten P.
Jansen
jansenm@who.int
1
Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
LEAD_AUTHOR
Rob
Baltussen
rob.baltussen@radboudumc.nl
2
Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
AUTHOR
Evelinn
Mikkelsen
evelinn.mikkelsen@radboudumc.nl
3
Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
AUTHOR
Noor
Tromp
noor.tromp@radboudumc.nl
4
KIT (Royal Tropical Institute), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
AUTHOR
Jan
Hontelez
jan.hontelez@gmail.com
5
Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
AUTHOR
Leon
Bijlmakers
leon.bijlmakers@radboudumc.nl
6
Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
AUTHOR
Gert Jan
van der Wilt
gertjan.vanderwilt@radboudumc.nl
7
Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
AUTHOR
HTAi 2017 annual meeting. http://www.htai2017.org/.
1
Baltussen R, Jansen MP, Mikkelsen E, et al. Priority setting for universal health coverage: we need evidence-informed deliberative processes, not just more evidence on cost-effectiveness. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2016;5(11):615-618. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2016.83
2
Baltussen R, Paul Maria Jansen M, Bijlmakers L, et al. Value Assessment Frameworks for HTA Agencies: The Organization of Evidence-Informed Deliberative Processes. Value Health. 2017;20(2):256-260. doi:10.1016/j.jval.2016.11.019
3
Gopinathan U, Ottersen T. Evidence-informed deliberative processes for universal health coverage: broadening the scope: Comment on “Priority setting for universal health coverage: we need evidence-informed deliberative processes, not just more evidence on cost-effectiveness.” Int J Health Policy Manag. 2017; Forthcoming. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2016.148
4
Lauer J, Rajan D, Bertram M. Priority setting for universal health coverage: we need to focus both on substance and on process: Comment on “Priority setting for universal health coverage: we need evidence-informed deliberative processes, not just more evidence on cost-effectiveness.” Int J Health Policy Manag. 2017; Forthcoming. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2017.06
5
Kothari A, McCutcheon C, Graham ID. Defining Integrated Knowledge Translation and Moving Forward: A Response to Recent Commentaries. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2017;6(5):299-300. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2017.15
6
Chalkidou K, Li R, Culyer AJ, Glassman A, Hofman KJ, Teerawattananon Y. Health technology assessment: global advocacy and local realities: Comment on "Priority setting for universal health coverage: we need evidence-informed deliberative processes, not just more evidence on cost-effectiveness." Int J Health Policy Manag. 2017;6(4):233-236. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2016.118
7
Mikkelsen E, Hontelez JA, Jansen MP, et al. Evidence for scaling up HIV treatment in sub-Saharan Africa: A call for incorporating health system constraints. PLoS Med. 2017;14(2):e1002240. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002240
8
Hall W. Don’t discount societal value in cost-effectiveness: Comment on “Priority setting for universal health coverage: we need evidence-informed deliberative processes, not just more evidence on cost-effectiveness.” Int J Health Policy Manag. 2017; Forthcoming. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2017.03
9