ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Untapped Power of Soda Taxes: Incentivizing Consumers, Generating Revenue, and Altering Corporate Behavior
Globally, soda taxes are gaining momentum as powerful interventions to discourage sugar consumption and thereby reduce the growing burden of obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Evidence from early adopters including Mexico and Berkeley, California, confirms that soda taxes can disincentivize consumption through price increases and raise revenue to support government programs. The United Kingdom’s new graduated levy on sweetened beverages is yielding yet another powerful impact: soda manufacturers are reformulating their beverages to significantly reduce the sugar content. Product reformulation – whether incentivized or mandatory – helps reduce overconsumption of sugars at the societal level, moving away from the long-standing notion of individual responsibility in favor of collective strategies to promote health. But as a matter of health equity, soda product reformulation should occur globally, especially in low- and middleincome countries (LMICs), which are increasingly targeted as emerging markets for soda and junk food and are disproportionately impacted by NCDs. As global momentum for sugar reduction increases, governments and public health advocates should harness the power of soda taxes to tackle the economic, social, and informational drivers of soda consumption, driving improvements in food environments and the public’s health.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3376_cfa3e140fb10202332ce4e53fcbd5d63.pdf
2017-09-01
489
493
10.15171/ijhpm.2017.69
Public Health Law
Soda Taxes
Product Reformulation
Diet and Nutrition
Sugars
Sarah A.
Roache
sarah.roache@law.georgetown.edu
1
O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Law Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Lawrence O.
Gostin
gostin@law.georgetown.edu
2
O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Law Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
AUTHOR
Kim D and Kawachi I. Food taxation and pricing strategies to "thin out" the obesity epidemic. Am J Prev Med. 2006;30(5):430-437. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2005.12.007
1
Arthur R. Locozade Ribena Suntory to cut sugar content of portfolio by 50%. Beverage Daily. http://www.beveragedaily.com/Manufacturers/Lucozade-Ribena-Suntory-sugar-reduction. Accessed April 24, 2017. Published November 10, 2016.
2
Obesity and Overweight Factsheet. World Health Organization website. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/. Updated June 2016. Accessed April 24, 2017.
3
Noncommunicable diseases Factsheet. World Health Organization website. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs355/en/. Updated April 2017. Accessed April 24, 2017.
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Kankeu HT, Saksena P, Xu, K, and Evans DB. The financial burden from non-communicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries: a literature review. Health Res Policy Syst. 2013;11:31. doi:10.1186/1478-4505-11-31
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de Ruyter JC, Olthof MR, Seidell JC, Katan MB. A trial of sugar-free or sugar-sweetened beverages and body weight in children. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(15):1397-1406. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1203034
6
Ebbeling CB, Feldman HA, Chomitz VR, et al. A randomized trial of sugar-sweetened beverages and adolescent body weight. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(15):1407-1416. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1203388
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World Health Organization. Sugars Intake for Adults and Children. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015.
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Nutrition: Sugars. World Health Organization Western Pacific Region website. Accessed April 24, 2017. http://www.wpro.who.int/nutrition_wpr/topics/sugars/en/.
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Blecher E, Liber AC, Drope JM, Nguyen B, Stoklosa M. Global Trends in the Affordability of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, 1990–2016. Prev Chronic Dis. 2017;14:160406. doi:10.5888/pcd14.160406
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Gostin LO. 2016: The year of the soda tax. Milbank Q. 2017;95(1):19-23. doi:10.1111/1468-0009.12240
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Cochero MA, Rivera-Dommarco JR, Popkin BN, Ng SW. In Mexico, evidence of sustained consumer response two years after implementing a sugar-sweetened beverage tax. Health Aff. 2017;36(3):564-571. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2016.1231
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Nakhimovsky SS, Feigl AB, Avila C, O’Sullivan G, Macgregor-Skinner E, Spranca M. Taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages to reduce overweight and obesity in middle-income countries: a systematic review. PLoS One 2016;11(9):e0163358. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0163358
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Heise TL, Katikireddi SV, Pega F, et al. Taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages for reducing their consumption and preventing obesity or other adverse health outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;8:CD012319. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012319
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Brownell KD, Farley T, Willett WC, et al. The Public Health and Economic Benefits of Taxing Sugar-Sweetened Beverages. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:1599-1605. doi:10.1056/NEJMhpr0905723
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von Philipsborn P, Stratil JM, Burns J, et al. Environmental interventions to reduce the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and their effects on health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;8:CD12292. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012292
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City Council of Berkeley, California. Resolution No. 67538 Contract: Funding Allocation $245,874 Healthy Black Families to Implement Thirsty for Change! Program. http://www.ci.berkeley.ca.us/recordsonline/export/16961736.pdf. Accessed April 24, 2017.
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Centro de Estudios de las Finanzas Públicas. Análisis de los Informes sobre la Situación Económica, las Finanzas Públicas y la Deuda Pública al Cuarto Trimestre de 2014 (cefp/003/2015). Palacio Legislativo de San Lázaro. 10 de marzo de 2015. http://www.cefp.gob.mx/publicaciones/documento/2015/marzo/cefp0032015.pdf. Accessed May 30, 2017.
21
Colchero MA, Popkin BM, Rivera JA, and Ng SW. Beverage purchases from stores in Mexico under the excise tax on sugar sweetened beverages: observational study. BMJ. 2016; 352:h6704. doi:10.1136/bmj.h6704
22
HM Treasury. Finance (No. 2) Bill 2017 Explanatory Notes. March 20, 2017. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/600791/Finance_Bill_2017_Explanatory_Notes.pdf. Accessed April 24, 2017.
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Finance Act (2017), United Kingdom. Part 2.
24
Barber S and Sutherland N. Funding from the soft drinks industry levy for sport in schools (Debate Pack Number CDP 2017/0006). House of Commons Library. http://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/CDP-2017-0006#fullreport. Accessed May 30, 2017. Published January 9, 2017.
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Geller M. Britain publishes draft sugar tax. Reuters. http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-sugar-tax-idUKKBN13U1ME. Accessed May 30, 2017. Published December 5, 2016.
26
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Richardson B, van Rens, T. Case against soft drink levy is sugar coated. The Conversation. September 27, 2016. http://theconversation.com/case-against-soft-drink-levy-is-sugar-coated-66067. Accessed May 30, 2017.
28
Arthur, R. Tesco reduces sugar in own brand soft drinks. Beverage Daily. November 7, 2016. http://www.beveragedaily.com/Retail-Shopper-Insights/Tesco-reduces-sugar-in-own-brand-soft-drinks. Accessed April 24, 2017.
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Kottasova, I. Soda wars: The UK’s tax on sugary drinks is working. CNN Money. March 9, 2017. http://money.cnn.com/2017/03/09/news/economy/soda-tax-uk-sugar-revenue/. Accessed April 24, 2017.
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31
Davies, R. Soft drinks tax raises less money than forecast as firms cut sugar content. The Guardian. March 8, 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/mar/08/sugar-tax-will-raise-less-money-than-expected. Accessed April 24, 2017.
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World Health Organization. Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases 2014. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014.
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Taylor AL, Jacobson MF. Carbonating the world: the marketing and health impact of sugar drinks in low- and middle-income countries. Washington, DC: Center for Science in the Public Interest; 2016.
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Powell LM, Chriqui JF, Khan T, Wada R, Chaloupka FJ. Assessing the potential effectiveness of food and beverage taxes and subsidies for improving public health: a systematic review of prices, demand and body weight outcomes. Obes Rev. 2013;14(2):110-128. doi:10.1111/obr.12002
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36
Aubrey A. Judges Take Up Big Soda’s Suit To Abolish Philadelphia’s Sugar Tax. National Public Radio. April 5, 2017. http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/04/05/522626223/judges-take-up-big-sodas-suit-to-abolish-philadelphias-sugar-tax. Accessed May 25, 2017.
37
Petition debate on sugary drinks tax. Commons Select Committee website. November 25, 2015. https://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/petitions-committee/news-parliament-2015/sugary-drinks-tax-petition-debate1/. Accessed April 24, 2017.
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Perlroth N. Spyware’s Odd Targets: Backers of Mexico’s Soda Tax. New York Times. February 11, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/11/technology/hack-mexico-soda-tax-advocates.html. Accessed April 24, 2017.
39
de Freytas-Tamura K. France Bans Free Soda Refills in Attack on Obesity. New York Times. January 27, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/27/world/europe/france-soda-refill-ban.html. Accessed April 24, 2017.
40
Gostin L, Reeve BH, Ashe M. The historic role of boards of health in local innovation: New York City's soda portion case. JAMA. 2015;312(15):1511-1512. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.12498
41
Hollands GJ, Shemilt I, Marteau TM, et al. Portion, package or tableware size for changing selection and consumption of food, alcohol and tobacco. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;9:CD011045. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011045.pub2
42
Ley 26.905 sobre Promoción de la reducción del consumo de sodio en la población. Argentina; 2013.
43
Regulations Relating to the Reduction of Sodium in Certain Foodstuffs and Related Matters. South Africa; 2013.
44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Why and How Political Science Can Contribute to Public Health? Proposals for Collaborative Research Avenues
Written by a group of political science researchers, this commentary focuses on the contributions of political science to public health and proposes research avenues to increase those contributions. Despite progress, the links between researchers from these two fields develop only slowly. Divergences between the approach of political science to public policy and the expectations that public health can have about the role of political science, are often seen as an obstacle to collaboration between experts in these two areas. Thus, promising and practical research avenues are proposed along with strategies to strengthen and develop them. Considering the interdisciplinary and intersectoral nature of population health, it is important to create a critical mass of researchers interested in the health of populations and in healthy public policy that can thrive working at the junction of political science and public health.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3342_2f40354f98413e512ac5c63607b7da08.pdf
2017-09-01
495
499
10.15171/ijhpm.2017.38
Public Policy
Public Health
Research
Healthy Public Policies
Political Science
France
Gagnon
france.gagnon@teluq.ca
1
School of Administrative Sciences, TÉLUQ, Université du Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
LEAD_AUTHOR
Pierre
Bergeron
pierrej.bergeron@sympatico.ca
2
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
AUTHOR
Carole
Clavier
carole.clavier@uqam.ca
3
Department of Political Science, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
AUTHOR
Patrick
Fafard
patrick.fafard@globalstrategylab.org
4
School of Public and International Affairs, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
AUTHOR
Elisabeth
Martin
elisabeth.martin@fsi.ulaval.ca
5
Faculty of Nursing, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
AUTHOR
Chantal
Blouin
chantal.blouin@inspq.qc.ca
6
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
AUTHOR
Cairney P. How can policy theory have an impact on policy making? The role of theory-led academic-practitioner discussion. Teaching Public Administration. 2015;33(1):22-39. doi:10.1177/0144739414532284
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63
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Peruvian Mental Health Reform: A Framework for Scaling-up Mental Health Services
Background Mental, neurological, and substance (MNS) use disorders are a leading cause of disability worldwide; specifically in Peru, MNS affect 1 in 5 persons. However, the great majority of people suffering from these disorders do not access care, thereby making necessary the improvement of existing conditions including a major rearranging of current health system structures beyond care delivery strategies. This paper reviews and examines recent developments in mental health policies in Peru, presenting an overview of the initiatives currently being introduced and the main implementation challenges they face. Methods Key documents issued by Peruvian governmental entities regarding mental health were reviewed to identify and describe the path that led to the beginning of the reform; how the ongoing reform is taking place; and, the plan and scope for scale-up. Results Since 2004, mental health has gained importance in policies and regulations, resulting in the promotion of a mental health reform within the national healthcare system. These efforts crystallized in 2012 with the passing of Law 29889 which introduced several changes to the delivery of mental healthcare, including a restructuring of mental health service delivery to occur at the primary and secondary care levels and the introduction of supporting services to aid in patient recovery and reintegration into society. In addition, a performance-based budget was approved to guarantee the implementation of these changes. Some of the main challenges faced by this reform are related to the diversity of the implementation settings, eg, isolated rural areas, and the limitations of the existing specialized mental health institutes to substantially grow in parallel to the scaling-up efforts in order to be able to provide training and clinical support to every region of Peru. Conclusion Although the true success of the mental healthcare reform will be determined in the coming years, thus far, Peru has achieved a number of legal, policy and fiscal milestones, thereby presenting a unique and fertile environment for the expansion of mental health services.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3313_27793e38fcd053d3aedb23b37e56d848.pdf
2017-09-01
501
508
10.15171/ijhpm.2017.07
Policy Analysis
Mental Health Services
Low- and Middle-Income
Health Systems
Healthcare Reform
Mauricio
Toyama
jorge.toyama.g@upch.pe
1
CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
AUTHOR
Humberto
Castillo
hcastillomartell@gmail.com
2
Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental “Honorio Delgado - Hideyo Noguchi,” Lima, Peru
AUTHOR
Jerome T.
Galea
jgalea_ses@pih.org
3
Socios en Salud, Lima, Peru
AUTHOR
Lena R.
Brandt
lena.brandt.l@upch.pe
4
CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
AUTHOR
María
Mendoza
angemevi@gmail.com
5
Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental “Honorio Delgado - Hideyo Noguchi,” Lima, Peru
AUTHOR
Vanessa
Herrera
illurpi@gmail.com
6
Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental “Honorio Delgado - Hideyo Noguchi,” Lima, Peru
AUTHOR
Martha
Mitrani
marthamitrani@gmail.com
7
Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental “Honorio Delgado - Hideyo Noguchi,” Lima, Peru
AUTHOR
Yuri
Cutipé
ycutipe@minsa.gob.pe
8
Ministerio de Salud, Lima, Peru
AUTHOR
Victoria
Cavero
victoria.cavero.h@upch.pe
9
CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
AUTHOR
Francisco
Diez-Canseco
fdiezcanseco@upch.pe
10
CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
AUTHOR
J. Jaime
Miranda
jaime.miranda@upch.pe
11
CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
LEAD_AUTHOR
World Health Organization (WHO). Investing in Mental Health: Evidence for Action. Geneva: WHO; 2013.
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Ministerio de Salud. Carga de enfermedad en el Perú: Estimaciones de los años de vida saludables perdidos 2012. Lima: Dirección General de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud; 2014.
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Wu DY, Munoz M, Espiritu B, et al. Burden of depression among impoverished HIV-positive women in Peru. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008;48(4):500-504.
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Rayner L, Price A, Evans A, Valsraj K, Higginson IJ, Hotopf M. Antidepressants for depression in physically ill people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;(3):CD007503. Doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007503.pub2.
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Marcus SM. Depression during pregnancy: rates, risks and consequences--Motherisk Update 2008. Can J Clin Pharmacol 2009;16(1):e15-e22.
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Cripe SM, Sanchez S, Lam N, et al. Depressive symptoms and migraine comorbidity among pregnant Peruvian women. J Affect Disord 2010;122(1-2):149-153.
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Luna Matos ML, Salinas Pielago J, Luna Figueroa A. Major depression in pregnant women served by the National Materno-Perinatal Institute in Lima, Peru (Spanish). Rev Panam Salud Publica 2009;26(4):310-314.
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Anderson RJ, Freedland KE, Clouse RE, Lustman PJ. The prevalence of comorbid depression in adults with diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(6):1069-1078.
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Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental. Estudio Epidemiológico Metropolitano en Salud Mental 2002. Anales de Salud Mental. 2002;18(1-2):1-199.
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Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental. Estudio Epidemiológico de Salud Mental en la Sierra Peruana 2003. Anales de Salud Mental 2003;19(1-2):1-216.
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Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental. Estudio Epidemiológico de Salud Mental en la Costa Peruana 2006. Anales de Salud Mental 2007;23(1-2):1-226.
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El Peruano. Ley que modifica el artículo 11 de la ley 26842, ley general de salud, y garantiza los derechos de las personas con problemas de salud mental. 2012 24 June; Sect. 468951-2.
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48
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Providing Value to New Health Technology: The Early Contribution of Entrepreneurs, Investors, and Regulatory Agencies
Background New technologies constitute an important cost-driver in healthcare, but the dynamics that lead to their emergence remains poorly understood from a health policy standpoint. The goal of this paper is to clarify how entrepreneurs, investors, and regulatory agencies influence the value of emerging health technologies. Methods Our 5-year qualitative research program examined the processes through which new health technologies were envisioned, financed, developed and commercialized by entrepreneurial clinical teams operating in Quebec’s (Canada) publicly funded healthcare system. Results Entrepreneurs have a direct influence over a new technology’s value proposition, but investors actively transform this value. Investors support a technology that can find a market, no matter its intrinsic value for clinical practice or healthcare systems. Regulatory agencies reinforce the “double” value of a new technology —as a health intervention and as an economic commodity— and provide economic worth to the venture that is bringing the technology to market. Conclusion Policy-oriented initiatives such as early health technology assessment (HTA) and coverage with evidence may provide technology developers with useful input regarding the decisions they make at an early stage. But to foster technologies that bring more value to healthcare systems, policy-makers must actively support the consideration of health policy issues in innovation policy.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3314_d55516fc36042b9d4d8e93b9053f3a4a.pdf
2017-09-01
509
518
10.15171/ijhpm.2017.11
Innovation Policy
Health Policy
Health Technology Development (HTA)
Technology-Based Ventures
Early HTA
Pascale
Lehoux
pascale.lehoux@umontreal.ca
1
Department of Health Management, Evaluation and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fiona A.
Miller
fiona.miller@utoronto.ca
2
Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
AUTHOR
Geneviève
Daudelin
genevieve.daudelin@umontreal.ca
3
Institute of Public Health Research of University of Montreal (IRSPUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
AUTHOR
Jean-Louis
Denis
jean-louis.denis@umontreal.ca
4
École Nationale d’administration publique (ENAP), Quebec City, QC, Canada
AUTHOR
Dixon-Woods M, Amalberti R, Goodman S, Bergman B, Glasziou P. Problems and promises of innovation: why healthcare needs to rethink its love/hate relationship with the new. BMJ Qual Saf. 2011;20:i47-i51 doi:10.1136/bmjqs.2010.046227 2
1
Greenhalgh T, Robert G, Macfarlane F, Bate P, Kyriakidou O, Peacock R. Storylines of research in diffusion of innovation: a meta-narrative approach to systematic review. Soc Sci Med 2005;61(2):417-430. Doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.12.001
2
Gelijns AC, Russo MJ, Hong KN, Brown LD, Ascheim DD, Moskowitz AJ. Dynamics of device innovation: implications for assessing value. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2013;29(04):365-373. doi:10.1017/S0266462313000561
3
Leonardi PM, Barley S. What’s under construction here? Social action, materiality, and power in constructivist studies of technology and organizing. Acad Manag Ann 2010;4(1):1-51. Doi: 10.1080/19416521003654160
4
Lehoux P, Williams-Jones B, Miller F, Urbach D, Tailliez S. What leads to better health innovation? Arguments for an integrated policy-oriented research agenda. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2008;13(4):251-254. Doi:10.1258/jhsrp.2008.007173
5
Henshall C, Schuller T. Health technology assessment, value-based decision making, and innovation. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2013;29(4):353-359. Doi:10.1017/S0266462313000378
6
Markiewicz K, van Til JA, Ijzerman MJ. Medical devices early assessment methods: systematic literature review. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2014;30(2):137-146. Doi:10.1017/S0266462314000026
7
Nielsen CP, Funch TM, Kristensen FB. Health technology assessment: research trends and future priorities in Europe. J Health Serv Res Policy. 2011;16(Suppl 2):6-15. Doi:10.1258/jhsrp.2011.011050
8
Pietzsch JB, Paté-Cornell ME. Early technology assessment of new medical devices. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2008;24(1):36-44.
9
Lehoux P, Miller FA, Daudelin G, Urbach DR. How venture capital decide which new medical technologies come to exist? Sci Public Policy. 2015;43(3):375-385. doi:10.1093/scipol/scv051
10
Chesbrough H, Rosenbloom RS. The role of business model in capturing value from innovation: evidence from Xerox Corporation’s technology spin-off companies. Ind Corp Change 2002;11(3):529-555. Doi:10.1093/icc/11.3.529
11
Sapolsky H. M. Managing the Medical Arms Race: Innovation and Public Policy in the Medical Device Industry. J Health Polit Policy Law. 1994;19(3):668-669.
12
Sampat B, Drummond M. Another special relationship? Interactions between health technology policies and health care systems in the United States and the United Kingdom. J Health Polit Policy Law. 2011;36(1):119-139. Doi:10.1215/03616878-1191126
13
Garber S, Gates SM, Keeler EB. Redirecting Innovation in US Health Care: Options to Decrease Spending and Increase Value. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation; 2014.
14
Robinson JC. Biomedical innovation in the era of health care spending constraints. Health Aff. 2015;34(2):203-209. Doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2014.0975
15
Braunerhjelm P, Henrekson M. Entrepreneurship, institutions, and economic dynamism: lessons from a comparison of the United States and Sweden. Ind Corp Change. 2013;22(1):107-130. Doi:10.1093/icc/dts048
16
Hirsch-Kreinsen H. Financial market and technological innovation. Ind Innov. 2011;18(4):351-368. Doi:10.1080/13662716.2011.573954
17
Nightingale P, Coad A. Muppets and gazelles: political and methodological biases in entrepreneurship research. Ind Corp Change. 2014;23(1):113-143. Doi:10.1093/icc/dtt057
18
Horizon 2020 Work Programme 2016-2017. Innovation in SMEs. http://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/data/ref/h2020/wp/2016_2017/main/h2020-wp1617-sme_en.pdf.
19
Lehoux P, Daudelin G, Hivon M, Miller FA, Denis JL. How do values shape technology design? An exploration of what makes the pursuit of health and wealth legitimate in academic spin-offs. Sociol Health Illn. 2014 Jun;36(5):738-755. doi: 10.1111/1467-9566.12097
20
Lehoux P, Daudelin G, Williams-Jones B, Denis JL, Longo C. How do business models and health technology design influence each other? Insights from a longitudinal case study of three academic spin-offs. Res Policy. 2014;43(6):1025-1038. Doi:10.1016/j.respol.2014.02.001
21
Sutton RI. The virtues of closet qualitative research. Organ Sci. 1997;8(1):97-106.
22
Flyvbjerg B. Case study (301-316). In: Denzin NK, Lincoln YS, eds. The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research. 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage; 2011.
23
McCulloch P. The EU’s system for regulating medical devices. BMJ. 2012;345:e7126. Doi:10.1136/bmj.e7126.
24
Greenhalgh T, Robert G, Macfarlane F, Bate P, Kyriakidou O. Diffusion of innovations in service organizations: Systematic review and recommendations. Milbank Q. 2004;82(4):581-629.
25
Campbell B. How to judge the value of innovation: more evidence is needed but “promise” is important early on. BMJ. 2012;344:e1457. Doi:10.1136/bmj.e1457
26
Blomqvist A, Busby C, Husereau D. Capturing value from health technologies in lean times. CD Howe Institute Commentary No. 396. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2369403. Published 2013.
27
Advisory Panel on Healthcare Innovation. Unleashing innovation: Excellent healthcare for Canada. http://healthycanadians.gc.ca/publications/health-system-systeme-sante/summary-innovation-sommaire/index-eng.php. Published 2015.
28
Stilgoe J, Owen R, Macnaghten P. Developing a framework for responsible innovation. Res Policy. 2013;42(9):1568-1580. Doi:10.1016/j.respol.2013.05.008
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Factors Associated With Unhealthy Snacks Consumption Among Adolescents in Iran’s Schools
BackgroundWell-informed interventions are needed if school-based health promotion is to be effective. Amongother aims, the Iranian Health Promoting School (IHPS) program that was launched in 2011, has an important aimof promoting dietary behaviors of adolescents. The present study, therefore, aimed to investigate the factors affectingunhealthy snacking of adolescents and provide evidence for a more effective IHPS program. MethodsIn a cross-sectional study design, 1320 students from 40 schools in Kerman city were selected using aproportional stratified random sampling method. A modified qualitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) wasused to gather data about unhealthy snacking behavior. Data about intrapersonal and environmental factors wereobtained using a validated and reliable questionnaire. A mixed-effects negative-binomial regression model was usedto analyze the data. ResultsTaste and sensory perception (prevalence rate ratio [PRR] = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.09-1.27), being a male (PRR = 1.20;95% CI: 1.05-1.38) and lower nutritional knowledge (PRR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.91-0.99) were associated with higher weeklyunhealthy snaking. Perceived self-efficacy (PRR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.91-1.00) negatively influenced the frequency ofunhealthy snaking, with this approaching significance (P< .06). In case of environmental factors, high socio-economicstatus (SES) level (PRR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.26-1.67), single-parent family (PRR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.01-1.30), more socialnorms pressure (PRR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01-1.17), pocket money allowance (PRR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.09-1.34), easyaccessibility (PRR = 1.06; 95% CI:1.01-1.11), and less perceived parental control (PRR= 0.96; 95% CI: 0.92-0.99) all hada role in higher consumption of unhealthy snacks. Interestingly, larger school size was associated with less unhealthysnacking (PRR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.68-0.92). ConclusionUnhealthy snacking behavior is influenced by individual, socio-cultural and physical-environmentalinfluences, namely by factors relating to poor parenting practices, high SES level, family characteristics, improper socialnorms pressure, and less knowledge and self-efficacy of students. This evidence can be used to inform a more evidencebased IHPS program through focusing on supportive strategies at the home, school, and local community levels.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3317_ffab6057aff866940e3452eac5fe8a59.pdf
2017-09-01
519
528
10.15171/ijhpm.2017.09
School Health Promotion
Health Behavior
Snack
Nutrition Policy
Adolescent
Vahid
Yazdi Feyzabadi
vahidyazdi.ijhpm@gmail.com
1
Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Nastaran
Keshavarz Mohammadi
n_keshavars@yahoo.com
2
School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Nasrin
Omidvar
omidvar.nasrin@gmail.com
3
Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Akram
Karimi-Shahanjarini
karimi71813@yahoo.com
4
Social Determinants of Health Research Center and Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
AUTHOR
Saharnaz
Nedjat
saharnaznedjat@gmail.com
5
Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Arash
Rashidian
arash.rashidian@gmail.com
6
Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ezzati M, Riboli E. Behavioral and dietary risk factors for noncommunicable diseases. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(10):954-964. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1203528
1
Malik VS, Willett WC, Hu FB. Global obesity: trends, risk factors and policy implications. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2013;9(1):13-27. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2012.199
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Beaglehole R, Bonita R, Horton R, et al. Priority actions for the non-communicable disease crisis. Lancet. 2011;377(9775):1438-1447. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60393-0
3
Resnick MD, Catalano RF, Sawyer SM, Viner R, Patton GC. Seizing the opportunities of adolescent health. Lancet. 2012;379(9826):1564-1567. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60472-3
4
Sawyer SM, Afifi RA, Bearinger LH, et al. Adolescence: a foundation for future health. Lancet. 379(9826):1630-1640. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60072-5
5
West P. School effects research provide new and stronger evidence in support of the health‐promoting school idea. Health Educ. 2006;106(6):421-424. doi:10.1108/09654280610711370
6
Lee A. Health-promoting schools. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2009;7(1):11-17. doi:10.1007/BF03256138
7
Motlagh ME, Chinian M, Dashti M, et al. A national guideline for implementation health promoting schools in Islamic Republic of Iran. Iran, Qom: Khadem Al-Reza; 2011.
8
Langford R, Bonell C, Jones H, et al. The World Health Organization’s Health Promoting Schools framework: a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:130. doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1360-y
9
Wang D, Stewart D. The implementation and effectiveness of school-based nutrition promotion programmes using a health-promoting schools approach: a systematic review. Public Health Nutr. 2013;16(6):1082-1100. doi: 10.1017/S1368980012003497
10
Fung C, Kuhle S, Lu C, et al. From "best practice" to "next practice": the effectiveness of school-based health promotion in improving healthy eating and physical activity and preventing childhood obesity. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2012;9(1):1-9. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-9-27
11
Langford R, Bonell C, Jones H, Campbell R. Obesity prevention and the Health promoting Schools framework: essential components and barriers to success. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2015;12(1):1-17. doi:10.1186/s12966-015-0167-7
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Lynagh M, Perkins J, Schofield M. An evidence-based approach to health promoting schools. J Sch Health. 2002;72(7):300-302. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2002.tb01337.x
13
Brug J, te Velde SJ, Chinapaw MJ, et al. Evidence-based development of school-based and family-involved prevention of overweight across Europe: The ENERGY-project's design and conceptual framework. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:276. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-276
14
Lien N, Haerens L, te Velde SJ, et al. Exploring subgroup effects by socioeconomic position of three effective school-based dietary interventions: the European TEENAGE project. Int J Public Health. 2014;59(3):493-502. doi:10.1007/s00038-013-0524-8
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Popkin BM, Gordon-Larsen P. The nutrition transition: worldwide obesity dynamics and their determinants. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004;28 Suppl 3:S2-9. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802804
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Dunn KI, Mohr P, Wilson CJ, Wittert GA. Determinants of fast-food consumption. An application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Appetite. 2011;57(2):349-357. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2011.06.004
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van Ansem WJ, Schrijvers CTM, Rodenburg G, van de Mheen D. Children’s snack consumption: role of parents, peers and child snack-purchasing behaviour. Results from the INPACT study. Eur J Public Health. 2015;25(6):1006-1011. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv098
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Karimi-Shahanjarini A, Omidvar N, Bazargan M, Rashidian A, Majdzadeh R, Shojaeizadeh D. Iranian female adolescent's views on unhealthy snacks consumption: a qualitative study. Iran J public health. 2010;39(3):92-101.
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Shi Z, Lien N, Kumar BN, Holmboe-Ottesen G. Socio-demographic differences in food habits and preferences of school adolescents in Jiangsu Province, China. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005;59(12):1439-1448. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602259
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Park S, Blanck HM, Sherry B, Brener N, O’Toole T. Factors Associated with Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake among United States High School Students. J Nutr. 2012;142(2):306-312. doi:10.3945/jn.111.148536
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Fletcher A, Bonell C, Sorhaindo A. You are what your friends eat: systematic review of social network analyses of young people's eating behaviours and bodyweight. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2011. doi:10.1136/jech.2010.113936
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Fitzgerald A, Heary C, Kelly C, Nixon E, Shevlin M. Self-efficacy for healthy eating and peer support for unhealthy eating are associated with adolescents’ food intake patterns. Appetite. 2013;63:48-58. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.12.011
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Grosso G, Mistretta A, Turconi G, Cena H, Roggi C, Galvano F. Nutrition knowledge and other determinants of food intake and lifestyle habits in children and young adolescents living in a rural area of Sicily, South Italy. Public Health Nutr. 2013;16(10):1827-1836. doi:10.1017/S1368980012003965
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Wang D, Stewart D, Chang C, Shi Y. Effect of a school-based nutrition education program on adolescents’ nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviour in rural areas of China. Environ Health Prev Med.2015;20(4):271-278. doi:10.1007/s12199-015-0456-4
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54
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
How Should Global Fund Use Value-for-Money Information to Sustain its Investments in Graduating Countries?
It has been debated whether the Global Fund (GF), which is supporting the implementation of programs on the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB) and malaria, should consider the value-for-money (VFM) for programs/interventions that they are supporting. In this paper, we critically analyze the uses of economic information for GF programs, not only to ensure accountability to their donors but also to support country governments in continuing investment in cost-effective interventions initiated by the GF despite the discontinuation of financial support after graduation. We demonstrate that VFM is not a static property of interventions and may depend on program start-up cost, economies of scales, the improvement of effectiveness and efficiency of providers once the program develops, and acceptance and adherence of the target population. Interventions that are cost-ineffective in the beginning may become cost-effective in later stages. We consider recent GF commitments towards value for money and recommend that the GF supports interventions with proven cost-effectiveness from program initiation as well as interventions that may be cost-effective afterwards. Thus, the GF and country governments should establish mechanisms to monitor cost-effectiveness of interventions invested over time.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3330_9ab002ee42f64ce1757b3d050fe69068.pdf
2017-09-01
529
533
10.15171/ijhpm.2017.25
Value-for-Money (VFM)
Global Fund (GF)
Vertical Programs
Priority Setting
Government Healthcare
Investments
Kitti
Kanpirom
kittisny@gmail.com
1
Bureau of Health Administration, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
AUTHOR
Alia Cynthia G.
Luz
alia.l@hitap.net
2
HITAP International Unit, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kalipso
Chalkidou
k.chalkidou@imperial.ac.uk
3
Global Health and Development Team, Imperial College London, London, UK
AUTHOR
Yot
Teerawattananon
yot.t@hitap.net
4
Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program (HITAP), Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
AUTHOR
The Global Fund: Resource Mobilization. http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/replenishment/. Accessed 14 October 14, 2016. Published 2016.
1
World Development Indicators. http://data.worldbank.org/. Accessed August 8, 2015.
2
National Health Accounts in Thailand (2012). Thailand: International Health and Policy Program, Ministry of Health; 2014.
3
Bundhamcharoen K, Odton P, Phulkerd S, Tangcharoensathien V. Burden of disease in Thailand: changes in health gap between 1999 and 2004. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:53. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-53
4
Tantivess S, Walt G. Using cost-effectiveness analyses to inform policy: the case of antiretroviral therapy in Thailand. Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation. 2006;4(1):21. doi:10.1186/1478-7547-4-21
5
ART Program Management under Universal Health Coverage. Thailand: NHSO; 2014.
6
Personal communication with Thai Country Coordinating Mechanisms (CCM). Thailand; 2015.
7
Thailand’s National AIDS Spending Assessment (2000-2004). Thailand: International Health and Policy Program, Ministry of Health; 2008.
8
Chalkidou K, Levine R, Dillon A. Helping poorer countries make locally informed health decisions. BMJ. 2010;341:c3651. doi:10.1136/bmj.c3651
9
Hass B, Pooley J, Feuring M, Suvarna V, Harrington AE. Health technology assessment and its role in the future development of the Indian healthcare sector. Perspect Clin Res. 2012;3(2):66-72. doi:10.4103/2229-3485.96449
10
Mohara A, Youngkong S, Velasco RP, et al. Using health technology assessment for informing coverage decisions in Thailand. J Comp Eff Res. 2012;1(2):137-146. doi:10.2217/cer.12.10
11
Teerawattananon Y, Tritasavit N, Suchonwanich N, Kingkaew P. The use of economic evaluation for guiding the pharmaceutical reimbursement list in Thailand. Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes. 2014;108(7):397-404. doi:10.1016/j.zefq.2014.06.017
12
Tosanguan K, Kingkaew P, Chaw-Yin M. Short Report: Economic Evaluation of comprehensive HIV prevention interventions targeting those most at risk of HIV/AIDs in Thailand [CHAMPION]. Published 2014.
13
Teerawattananon Y, McQueston K, Glassman A, Yothasamut J, Myint CY. Health technology assessments as a mechanism for increased value for money: recommendations to the Global Fund. Global Health. 2013;9(1):35. doi:10.1186/1744-8603-9-35
14
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria Fourth Replenishment (2014-2016): The Global Fund’s New Funding Model. The Global Fund; April 2013.
15
The Global Fund 2017-2019 Funding Cycle. http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/fundingmodel/process/. Accessed February 2, 2017. Published 2017.
16
Glassman A, Fan V, Over M. More Health for the Money: Putting Incentives to Work for the Global Fund and Its Partners. Center for Global Development; 2013.
17
Wilkinson T, Sculpher MJ, Claxton K, et al. The international decision support initiative reference case for economic evaluation: an aid to thought. Value Health. 2016;19(8):921-928. doi:10.1016/j.jval.2016.04.015
18
Dehnavieh R, Noori Hekmat S, Ghasemi S, Mirshekari N. The vulnerable aspects of application of "Health Technology Assessment." Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2015;31(3):197-198. doi:10.1017/s0266462315000288
19
Kenkel D, Suhrcke M. The Economic Evaluation of Social Determinants of Health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011.
20
Asaria M, Griffin S, Cookson R. Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis: a tutorial. Med Decis Making. 2016;36(1):8-19. doi:10.1177/0272989X15583266
21
Verguet S, Kim JJ, Jamison DT. Extended cost-effectiveness analysis for health policy assessment: a tutorial. Pharmacoeconomics. 2016;34:913-923. doi:10.1007/s40273-016-0414-z
22
Performance Agreement: United Kingdom and The Global Fund to Fight Aids, Tuberculosis and Malaria. Department for International Development: 2016.
23
Fraser N, Benedikt C, Obst M, et al. Sudan's HIV Response: Value for Money in a Low-Level HIV Epidemic. The World Bank; 2014.
24
34th Board Meeting Market Shaping Strategy. Global Fund; 2015. http://www.theglobalfund.org/documents/board/34/BM34_17-Annex1MarketShapingStrategy_Paper_en/.
25
Morton A, Arulselvan A. International aid budgets could go twice as far – here’s how. The Conversation. 2016. https://theconversation.com/international-aid-budgets-could-go-twice-as-far-heres-how-47120.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Thinking Out of the Box: A Green and Social Climate Fund; Comment on “Politics, Power, Poverty and Global Health: Systems and Frames”
Solomon Benatar’s paper “Politics, Power, Poverty and Global Health: Systems and Frames” examines the inequitable state of global health challenging readers to extend the discourse on global health beyond conventional boundaries by addressing the interconnectedness of planetary life. Our response explores existing models of international cooperation, assessing how modifying them may achieve the twin goals of ensuring healthy people and planet. First, we address why the inequality reducing post World War II European welfare model, if implemented stateby-state, is unfit for reducing global inequality and respecting environmental boundaries. Second, we argue that to advance beyond the ‘Westphalian,’ human centric thinking integral to global inequality and climate change requires challenging the logic of global economic integration and exploring the politically infeasible. In conclusion, we propose social policy focused changes to the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and a Green and Social Climate Fund, financed by new global greenhouse gas charges, both of which could advance human and planetary health. Recent global political developments may offer a small window of opportunity for out of the box proposals that could be advanced by concerted and united advocacy by global health activists, environmental activists, human rights activists, and trade unions.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3302_98bdeac264b9c0a05d658df5169852a0.pdf
2017-09-01
535
538
10.15171/ijhpm.2016.154
Global/Planetary Health
Inequality
Politics
Greenhouse Gas
Gorik
Ooms
gorik.ooms@lshtm.ac.uk
1
Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
LEAD_AUTHOR
Remco
van de Pas
rvandepas@itg.be
2
Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
AUTHOR
Kristof
Decoster
kdecoster@itg.be
3
Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
AUTHOR
Rachel
Hammonds
rachelmary.hammonds@unantwerpen.be
4
Law and Development Research Group, Faculty of Law, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
AUTHOR
Benatar S. Politics, power, poverty and global health: systems and frames. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2016;5(10):599-604. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2016.101
1
Einstein A, Calaprice A. The Ultimate Quotable Einstein. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 2010.
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Marmot M. The Health Gap: The Challenge of an Unequal World. Bloomsbury Publishing; 2015.
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Schrecker T. A new gilded age, and what it means for global health; Comment on “Global health governance challenges 2016 – are we ready?” Int J Health Policy Manag. 2016. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2016.115
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Labonté R, Schram A, Ruckert A. The Trans-Pacific Partnership: Is it everything we feared for health? Int J Health Policy Manag. 2016;5(8):487-496. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2016.41
18
Joseph S. Blame It on the WTO: A Human Rights Critique. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2013:130-131.
19
Oberthür S. Global climate governance after Cancun: options for EU leadership. The International Spectator. 2011;46(1):5-13. doi:10.1080/03932729.2011.567900
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Harmer A. Democracy – the real ‘ghost’ in the machine of global health policy; Comment on “A ghost in the machine? politics in global health policy.” Int J Health Policy Manag. 2014;3(3):149-150. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2014.75
21
Ranson M, Stavins RN. Linkage of greenhouse gas emissions trading systems: Learning from experience. Climate Policy. 2016;16(3):284-300.
22
Marron DB, Toder ET. Tax policy issues in designing a carbon tax. Am Econ Rev. 2014;104(5):563-568.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Critical Global Health: Responding to Poverty, Inequality and Climate Change; Comment on “Politics, Power, Poverty and Global Health: Systems and Frames”
A recent article by Sol Benatar calls on the global health community to reassess its approach to twin crises of global poverty and climate change. I build on his article by challenging mainstream narratives that claim satisfactory progress in efforts to reduce poverty and improve health for all, and arguing that any eradication of poverty that is consistent with environmental sustainability will require a more explicit emphasis on the redistribution of power and wealth. I suggest that the global health community has been largely socialised into accepting that progress and future solutions can be attained through more neoliberal development, technological advancement and philanthropic endeavour and that a more critical global health is required. I propose three steps that the global health community should take: first, create more space for the social, political and political sciences within global health; second, be more prepared to act politically and challenge power; and third, do more to bridge the global-local divide in recognition of the fact that progressive change requires mobilisation from the bottom-up in conjunction with top-down policy and legislative change.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3304_5e714f2579676e430047c52bedcf071a.pdf
2017-09-01
539
541
10.15171/ijhpm.2016.157
Politics
Power
Poverty
Global Health
David
McCoy
d.mccoy@qmul.ac.uk
1
Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Queen Mary University, London, UK
LEAD_AUTHOR
Benatar S. Politics, power, poverty and global health: systems and frames. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2016;5(10):599-604. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2016.101
1
Ferreira F, Jolliffe DM, Prydz P. The international poverty line has just been raised to $1.90 a day, but global poverty is basically unchanged. http://blogs.worldbank.org/developmenttalk/international-poverty-line-has-just-been-raised-190-day-global-poverty-basically-unchanged-how-even. Published 2015.
2
Cruz M, Foster J, Quillin B, Schellekens P. Ending Extreme Poverty and Sharing Prosperity: Progress and Policies. Washington DC: World Bank; 2015. http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/109701443800596288/PRN03Oct2015TwinGoals.pdf
3
Reddy SG, Pogge T. How Not to Count the Poor. In: Anand S, Segal P, Stiglitz J, eds. Debates in the Measurement of Global Poverty. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010.
4
Kochhar R. A global middle class is more promise than reality: from 2001 to 2011, nearly 700 million step out of poverty, but most only barely. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center; 2015. http://www.pewglobal.org/2015/07/08/a-global-middle-class-is-more-promise-than-reality. Accessed January 21, 2016.
5
Farmer P. An Anthropology of Structural Violence. Curr Anthropol. 2004;45(3):305-325.
6
Fraser N. Injustice at intersecting scales: on ‘social exclusion’ and the ‘global poor.’ European Journal of Social Theory. 2010;13(3):363-371. doi:10.1177/1368431010371758
7
Jamison DT, Summers LH, Alleyne G, et al. Global health 2035: a world converging within a generation. Lancet 2013;382(9908):1898-1955. doi:10.1016/S0140- 6736(13)62105-4
8
Democracy in sub-Saharan Africa. The Economist. 2011. http://www.economist.com/node/21531010
9
Mobile phones transform life of India’s poor. Financial Times. 2010. https://www.ft.com/content/5f8524f2-044c-11df-8603-00144feabdc0
10
How economic freedom is good if you're poor. The Economist. 2012. http://www.economist.com/node/1193830
11
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12
Labonté R. Health promotion in an age of normative equity and rampant inequality. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2016;5(12):675-682. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2016.95
13
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Don’t Discount Societal Value in Cost-Effectiveness; Comment on “Priority Setting for Universal Health Coverage: We Need Evidence-Informed Deliberative Processes, Not Just More Evidence on Cost-Effectiveness”
As healthcare resources become increasingly scarce due to growing demand and stagnating budgets, the need for effective priority setting and resource allocation will become ever more critical to providing sustainable care to patients. While societal values should certainly play a part in guiding these processes, the methodology used to capture these values need not necessarily be limited to multi-criterion decision analysis (MCDA)-based processes including ‘evidence-informed deliberative processes.’ However, if decision-makers intend to not only incorporates the values of the public they serve into decisions but have the decisions enacted as well, consideration should be given to more direct involvement of stakeholders. Based on the examples provided by Baltussen et al, MCDA-based processes like ‘evidence-informed deliberative processes’ could be one way of achieving this laudable goal.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3308_9d5fb8e62fccf52582e862d1d1d4cc80.pdf
2017-09-01
543
545
10.15171/ijhpm.2017.03
Cost-Effectiveness
Priority Setting
Resource Allocation
Multi-Criterion Decision Analysis (MCDA)
Deliberative Processes
William
Hall
will.hall50@gmail.com
1
Centre for Clinical Epidemiology & Evaluation, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
LEAD_AUTHOR
Baltussen R, Jansen M, Mikkelsen E, et al. Priority setting for universal health coverage: we need evidence-informed deliberative processes, not just more evidence on cost-effectiveness. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2016;5(11):615-618. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2016.83
1
Edlin R, McCabe C, Hulme C, Hall P, Wright J. Cost Effectiveness Modelling for Health Technology Assessment: A Practical Course. Springer; 2015:217.
2
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10
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McNamee P, Seymour J. Incorporation of process preferences within the QALY framework: a study of alternative methods. Med Decis Making. 2008;28(3):443-452. doi:10.1177/0272989X07312473
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15
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Mullen PM. Quantifying priorities in healthcare: transparency or illusion? Health Serv Manage Res. 2004;17(1):47-58.
17
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19
Drummond MF, McGuire A. Economic Evaluation in Health Care: Merging Theory with Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2001:304.
20
McCabe C. MCDA and Health Technology Assessment. http://chspr.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2015/06/MCCABE-Chris.pdf. Accessed November 8, 2016.
21
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Framing Political Change: Can a Left Populism Disrupt the Rise of the Reactionary Right?; Comment on “Politics, Power, Poverty and Global Health: Systems and Frames”
Solomon Benatar offers an important critique of the limited frame that sets the boundaries of much of what is referred to as ‘global health.’ In placing his comments within a criticism of increasing poverty (or certainly income and wealth inequalities) and the decline in our environmental commons, he locates our health inequities within the pathology of our present global economy. In that respect it is a companion piece to an editorial I published around the same time. Both Benatar’s and my paralleling arguments take on a new urgency in the wake of the US presidential election. Although not a uniquely American event (the xenophobic right has been making inroads in many parts of the world), the degree of vitriol expressed by the President-elect of the world’s (still) most powerful and militarized country is being used to further legitimate the policies of right-extremist parties in Europe while providing additional justification for the increasingly autocratic politics of leaders (elected or otherwise) in many other of the world’s nations. To challenge right-populism’s rejection of the predatory inequalities that 4 years of (neo)-liberal globalization have created demands strong and sustained left populism built, in part, on the ecocentric frame advocated by Benatar.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3310_b31003a214bbfa0ec7b27d9acfa388e1.pdf
2017-09-01
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10.15171/ijhpm.2017.08
Global Health Frames
Neoliberal Globalization
Political Populism
Ronald
Labonté
rlabonte@uottawa.ca
1
Canada Research Chair, Globalization and Health Equity, Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
LEAD_AUTHOR
Labonté R. Health Promotion in an Age of Normative Equity and Rampant Inequality. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2016;5(12):675-682. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2016.95
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Benatar SR. Politics, power, poverty and global health: systems and frames. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2016;5(10):599-604. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2016.101
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