ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Global Health Governance Challenges 2016 – Are We Ready?
The year 2016 could turn out to be a turning point for global health, new political realities and global insecurities will test governance and financing mechanisms in relation to both people and planet. But most importantly political factors such as the global power shift and “the rise of the rest” will define the future of global health. A new mix of health inequity and security challenges has emerged and the 2015 humanitarian and health crises have shown the limits of existing systems. The global health as well as the humanitarian system will have to prove their capacity to respond and reform. The challenge ahead is deeply political, especially for the rising political actors. They are confronted with the consequences of a model of development that has neglected sustainability and equity, and was built on their exploitation. Some direction has been given by the path breaking international conferences in 2015. Especially the agreement on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris agreement on climate change will shape action. Conceptually, we will need a different understanding of global health and its ultimate goals - the health of people can no longer be seen separate from the health of the planet and wealth measured by parameters of growth will no longer ensure health.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3171_4d1c28f177fa49b6089a399cce5d5eb0.pdf
2016-06-01
349
353
10.15171/ijhpm.2016.27
Global Health
Governance
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Development
Power Shift
Sustainability
Humanitarian Crisis
Climate Change
Ilona
Kickbusch
ilona.kickbusch@graduateinstitute.ch
1
Global Health Programme, Graduate Institute for International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland
LEAD_AUTHOR
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37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Power and Agenda-Setting in Tanzanian Health Policy: An Analysis of Stakeholder Perspectives
Background Global health policy is created largely through a collaborative process between development agencies and aid-recipient governments, yet it remains unclear whether governments retain ownership over the creation of policy in their own countries. An assessment of the power structure in this relationship and its influence over agenda-setting is thus the first step towards understanding where progress is still needed in policymaking for development. Methods This study employed qualitative policy analysis methodology to examine how health-related policy agendas are adopted in low-income countries, using Tanzania as a case study. Semi-structured, in-depth, key informant interviews with 11 policy-makers were conducted on perspectives of the agenda-setting process and its actors. Kingdon’s stream theory was chosen as the lens through which to interpret the data analysis. Results This study demonstrates that while stakeholders each have ways of influencing the process, the power to do so can be assessed based on three major factors: financial incentives, technical expertise, and influential position. Since donors often have two or all of these elements simultaneously a natural power imbalance ensues, whereby donor interests tend to prevail over recipient government limitations in prioritization of agendas. One way to mediate these imbalances seems to be the initiation of meaningful policy dialogue. Conclusion In Tanzania, the agenda-setting process operates within a complex network of factors that interact until a “policy window” opens and a decision is made. Power in this process often lies not with the Tanzanian government but with the donors, and the contrast between latent presence and deliberate use of this power seems to be based on the donor ideology behind giving aid (defined here by funding modality). Donors who used pooled funding (PF) modalities were less likely to exploit their inherent power, whereas those who preferred to maintain maximum control over the aid they provided (ie, non-pooled funders) more readily wielded their intrinsic power to push their own priorities.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3157_af35f8fd0e8b79c65f1f0627f030343a.pdf
2016-06-01
355
363
10.15171/ijhpm.2016.09
Health Policy
Policy Analysis
Agenda-Setting
Power
Tanzania
Sara
Fischer
sara.elisa.fischer@gmail.com
1
Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
LEAD_AUTHOR
Martin
Strandberg-Larsen
masl@sund.ku.dk
2
Centre for Health Economics and Policy (CHEP), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
AUTHOR
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60
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Self-perceived Mental Health Status and Uptake of Fecal Occult Blood Test for Colorectal Cancer Screening in Canada: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background While colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most preventable causes of cancer mortality, it is one of the leading causes of cancer death in Canada where CRC screening uptake is suboptimal. Given the increased rate of mortality and morbidity among mental health patients, their condition could be a potential barrier to CRC screening due to greater difficulties in adhering to behaviours related to long-term health goals. Using a population-based study among Canadians, we hypothesize that self-perceived mental health (SPMH) status and fecal occult blood test (FOBT) uptake for the screening of CRC are associated. Methods The current study is cross-sectional and utilised data from the Canadian Community Health Survey 2011-2012. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was undertaken to assess whether SPMH is independently associated with FOBT uptake among a representative sample of 11 386 respondents aged 50-74 years. Results Nearly half of the respondents reported having ever had FOBT for CRC screening, including 37.28% who have been screened within two years of the survey and 12.41% who had been screened more than two years preceding the survey. Respondents who reported excellent mental health were more likely to have ever been screened two years or more before the survey (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.08; 95% CI, 1.00-4.43) and to have been screened in the last two years preceding the survey (AOR = 1.53; 95% CI, 0.86-2.71) than those reported poor mental health status. Conclusion This study supports the association between SPMH status and FOBT uptake for CRC screening. While the efforts to maximize CRC screening uptake should be deployed to all eligible people, those with poor mental health may need more attention.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3162_a295fd3f43b1de56eeeecb194f63bf3a.pdf
2016-06-01
365
371
10.15171/ijhpm.2016.14
Screening
Colorectal Cancer (CRC)
Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)
Self-perceived Mental
Health (SPMH) Status
Celestin
Hategekimana
celestin.hategeka@alumni.ubc.ca
1
School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Karamouzian
karamouzian.m@gmail.com
2
School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hewitson P, Glasziou P, Watson E, Towler B, Irwig L. Cochrane systematic review of colorectal cancer screening using the fecal occult blood test (hemoccult): an update. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103(6):1541-1549. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.01875.x
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Colon Cancer Canada. Fast Facts on Colorectal Cancer 2015. http://coloncancercanada.ca/fast-facts-on-colorectal-cancer-crc/. Accessed September 8, 2015.
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Canadian Cancer Society. Screening for colorectal cancer. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/colorectal/screening/?region=pe&sc_prof=1#ixzz3ELwJ0Xa9. Accessed August 28, 2015. Published 2015.
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DiMatteo MR, Lepper HS, Croghan TW. Depression is a risk factor for noncompliance with medical treatment: meta-analysis of the effects of anxiety and depression on patient adherence. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160(14):2101-2107.
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Katon WJ. Clinical and health services relationships between major depression, depressive symptoms, and general medical illness. Biol Psychiatry. 2003;54(3):216-226.
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Public Health Agency of Canada. A Report on Mental Illnesses in Canada. http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/miic-mmac/sum-eng.php. Accessed September 06, 2015. Published 2015.
25
Statistics Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey - Annual Component (CCHS). http://www23.statcan.gc.ca/imdb/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&SDDS=3226. Accessed March 17, 2015. Published 2015.
26
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Stecker T, Fortney JC, Prajapati S. How depression influences the receipt of primary care services among women: a propensity score analysis. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2007;16(2):198-205.
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Khoja S, McGregor SE, Hilsden RJ. Validation of self-reported history of colorectal cancer screening. Can Fam Physician. 2007;53(7):1192-1197.
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40
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41
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Norwegian Priority Setting in Practice – an Analysis of Waiting Time Patterns Across Medical Disciplines
Background Different strategies for addressing the challenge of prioritizing elective patients efficiently and fairly have been introduced in Norway. In the time period studied, there were three possible outcomes for elective patients that had been through the process of priority setting: (i) high priority with assigned individual maximum waiting time; (ii) low priority without a maximum waiting time; and (iii) refusal (not in need for specialized services). We study variation in priority status and waiting time of the first two groups across different medical disciplines. Methods Data was extracted from the Norwegian Patient Register (NPR) and contains information on elective referrals to 41 hospitals in the Western Norway Regional Health Authority in 2010. The hospital practice across different specialties was measured by patient priority status and waiting times. The distributions of assigned maximum waiting times and the actual ones were analyzed using standard Kernel density estimation. The perspective of the planning process was studied by measuring the time interval between the actual start of healthcare and the maximum waiting time. Results Considerable variation was found across medical specialties concerning proportion of priority patients and their maximum waiting times. The degree of differentiation in terms of maximum waiting times also varied by medical discipline. We found that the actual waiting time was very close to the assigned maximum waiting time. Furthermore, there was no clear correspondence between the actual waiting time for patients and their priority status. Conclusion Variations across medical disciplines are often interpreted as differences in clinical judgment and capacity. Alternatively they primarily reflect differences in patient characteristics, patient case-mix, as well as capacity. One hypothesis for further research is that the introduction of maximum waiting times may have contributed to push the actual waiting time towards the maximum. The finding that the actual waiting time was very close to the maximum waiting time supports this. The lack of clear correspondence between the actual waiting time for patients and their priority status may imply that urgency, described in the referral letter, and severity of illness, according to guidelines, are two separate entities.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3172_b6c7e3fa8ce8ac4a497501ac1375192c.pdf
2016-06-01
373
378
10.15171/ijhpm.2016.23
Waiting Lists
Prioritization
Healthcare Sector
Jurgita
Gangstøe
jurgita.j.gangstoe@helse-bergen.no
1
Department of Finance, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
AUTHOR
Torhild
Heggestad
torhild.heggestad@helse-bergen.no
2
Department of Research and Development, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
AUTHOR
Ole
Norheim
ole.norheim@uib.no
3
Department of Research and Development, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ringard Å, Sagan A, Saunes I, Lindahl A. Norway. Health system review. Health Syst Transit. 2013;15(8):1-162.
1
Siciliani L, Borowitz M, Moran V. Waiting Time Policies in the Health Sector: What Works? OECD Publishing; 2013.
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3
Norges Offentlige Utredninger. Guidelines for Priority Setting in the Norwegian Health Care System [Norwegian]. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget; 1987:23.
4
Norges Offentlige Utredninger. Priority Setting Revisited [Norwegian]. Oslo: Statens forvaltningstjeneste, Statens trykking; 1997:18.
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Helse- og omsorgsdepartementet. Lov om pasientrettigheter. LOV_1999-07-02-63; 1999.
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Sosial- og helsedirektoratet. Prosjektdirektiv for Samarbeidsprosjektet Riktigere prioritering i spesialisthelsetjenesten;2006.
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Helsedirektoratet. Ventetid og pasientrettigheter, IS-8/2009. Oslo: Helsedirektoratet; 2008.
8
Helsedirektoratet. Ventetider og pasientrettigheter. https://helsedirektoratet.no/Lists/Publikasjoner/Attachments/532/Ventetider-og-pasientrettigheter-2010-IS-1895.pdf. Published 2010.
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Norheim O. Praktisering av prioriteringsforskriften i Helse Vest. Sluttrapport. Bergen: Helse Vest; 2005.
10
Sosial og helsedepartementet. St.meld. nr. 26 (1999-2000) Om verdiar for den norske helsetenesta. Oslo; 1999.
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Helsedirektoratet. Prioriteringsveiledere. http://helsedirektoratet.no/publikasjoner/Sider/default.aspx?Kategori=Veiledere&Tema=Kvalitet+og+planlegging&undertema=Prioriteringer. Published 2009.
12
Cameron A, Trivedi P. Microeconometrics: Methods and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2005.
13
Nikolova A, Sinko A, Sutton M. Do maximum waiting times guarantees change clinical priorities for elective treatment? Evidence from Scotland. J Health Econ. 2015;41:72-88.
14
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18
Januleviciute J, Askildsen J, Holmås T. The impact of different prioritisation policies on waiting times: case studies of Norway and Scotland. Soc Sci Med. 2013;97:1-6. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.07.010
19
Askildsen J, Holmås T, Kaarboe O. Monitoring prioritisation in a public health care sector. The case of Norway. Health Econ. 2011;20(8):958-970. doi:10.1002/hec.1659
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Noseworthy T, McGurran J, Hadorn D. Noseworthy TW, McGurran JJ, Hadorn, DC. Waiting for scheduled services in Canada: development of priority-setting scoring systems. J Eval Clinic Pract. 2003;9(1):23-31.
22
Holman P, Ruud T, Grepperud S. Horizontal equity and mental health care: a study of priority ratings by clinicians and teams at outpatient clinics. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012;12:162-166. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-12-162
23
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24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
We Need Action on Social Determinants of Health – but Do We Want It, too?; Comment on “Understanding the Role of Public Administration in Implementing Action on the Social Determinants of Health and Health Inequities”
Recently a number of calls have been made to mobilise the arsenal of political science insights to investigate – and point to improvements in – the social determinants of health (SDH), and health equity. Recently, in this journal, such a rallying appeal was made for the field of public administration. This commentary argues that, although scholarly potential should justifiably be redirected to resolve these critical issues for humanity, a key ingredient in taking action may have been neglected. This factor is ‘community.’ Community health has been a standard element of the public health and health promotion, even political, repertoire for decades now. But this commentary claims that communities are insufficiently charged, equipped or appreciated to play the role that scholarship attributes (or occasionally avoids to identify) to them. Community is too important to not fully engage and understand. Rhetorical tools and inquiries can support their quintessential role.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3168_9ec6a29f74ac082c80ee159beb17bca6.pdf
2016-06-01
379
382
10.15171/ijhpm.2016.25
Social Determinants
Community
Politics
Public Administration
Evelyne
de Leeuw
evelyne.de.leeuw@umontreal.ca
1
Centre for Health Equity Training Research and Evaluation (CHETRE), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Carey G, Friel S. Understanding the role of public administration in implementing action on the social determinants of health and health inequities. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2015;4(12):795-799. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.185
1
de Leeuw E, Clavier C, Breton E. Health policy–why research it and how: health political science. Health Res Policy Syst. 2014;12:55. doi:10.1186/1478-4505-12-55
2
Crammond BR, Carey G. (2016) Policy change for the social determinants of health: the strange irrelevance of social epidemiology. Evidence & Policy: A Journal of Research, Debate and Practice. 2016. doi:10.1332/174426416X14538920677201
3
Tang KC, Ståhl T, Bettcher D, De Leeuw E. The Eighth Global Conference on Health Promotion: health in all policies: from rhetoric to action. Health Promot Int. 2014;9(suppl 1): i1-i8. doi:10.1093/heapro/dau051
4
Carey G, Malbon E, Crammond B, Pescud M, Baker P. Can the sociology of social problems help us to understand and manage ‘lifestyle drift’?. Health Promot Int. 2016. pii: dav116. doi:10.1093/heapro/dav116
5
Blas E, Gilson L, Kelly MP, et al. Addressing social determinants of health inequities: what can the state and civil society do? Lancet. 2008;372(9650):1684-1689. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61693-1
6
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Page-Adams D, Sherraden M. Asset building as a community revitalization strategy. Social Work. 1997;42(5):423-434. doi:10.1093/sw/42.5.423
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9
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10
Jagosh J, Bush PL, Salsberg J, et al. A realist evaluation of community-based participatory research: partnership synergy, trust building and related ripple effects. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:725. doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1949-1
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12
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13
Fung A. Putting the public back into governance: the challenges of citizen participation and its future. Public Adm Rev. 2015;75(4):513-522.
14
de Leeuw E. Intersectoral action, policy and governance in European Healthy Cities. Public Health Panorama. 2015;1(2):175-182.
15
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Labonte R. Laverack G. Capacity building in health promotion: for whom and for what purpose? Crit Public Health. 2001;11(2):111-128.
19
Milton B, Attree P, French B, Povall S, Whitehead M, Popay J. The impact of community engagement on health and social outcomes: a systematic review. Community Development Journal. 2011. doi:10.1093/cdj/bsr043
20
Popay J. Community Engagement, Community Development and Health Improvement. Lancaster: Lancaster University; 2006.
21
Commers M. Determinants of health: theory, understanding, portrayal, policy (Vol. 13). Springer Science & Business Media; 2002.
22
Putland C, Baum FE, Ziersch AM. From causes to solutions - insights from lay knowledge about health inequalities. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:67. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-67
23
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Carger E, Westen D. A New Way to Talk about the Social Determinants of Health. Princeton: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; 2010. http://www.rwjf.org/en/library/research/2010/01/a-new-way-to-talk-about-the-social-determinants-of-health.html. Accessed February 24, 2016.
24
Schön DA, Rein M. Frame reflection: toward the resolution of intractable policy controversies. New York: Basic Books; 1995.
25
Stone D. Policy paradox. The art of political decision making (Revised edition). New York: WW Norton & Company; 2002.
26
de Leeuw E, Peters D. Nine questions to guide development and implementation of health in all policies. Health Promot Int. 2015;30(4):987-997.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Sophisticated Architecture Is Indeed Necessary for the Implementation of Health in All Policies but not Enough; Comment on “Understanding the Role of Public Administration in Implementing Action on the Social Determinants of Health and Health Inequities”
In this commentary, I argue that beyond a sophisticated supportive architecture to facilitate implementation of actions on the social determinants of health (SDOH) and health inequities, the Health in All Policies (HiAP) project faces two main barriers: lack of awareness within policy networks on the social determinants of population health, and a tendency of health actors to neglect investing in other sectors’ complex problems.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3170_4884cd42fa89a521d37378c1b5d23173.pdf
2016-06-01
383
385
10.15171/ijhpm.2016.28
Health in All Policies (HiAP)
Social Determinants of Heath (SDOH)
Health Equity
Public
Policy
Implementation
Eric
Breton
eric.breton@ehesp.fr
1
EHESP School of Public Health, Paris, France
LEAD_AUTHOR
Carey G, Friel S. Understanding the Role of Public Administration in Implementing Action on the Social Determinants of Health and Health Inequities. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2015;4(12):795-798. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.185
1
République Française. Décret N° 2010-346 Du 31 Mars 2010 Relatif Aux Commissions de Coordination Des Politiques Publiques de Santé; 2010.
2
Stachenko S, Pommier J, You C, Porcherie M, Halley J, Breton E. Contribution des acteurs régionaux à la réduction des inégalités sociales de santé : le cas de la France. Glob Health Promot. 2015. doi:10.1177/1757975915600668.
3
Touraine M. Health inequalities and France’s national health strategy. The Lancet. 2014;383(9923):1101-1102. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60423-2.
4
République Française. Décret N° 2014-629 Du 18 Juin 2014 Portant Création Du Comité Interministériel Pour La Santé; 2014.
5
Ollila E. Health in All Policies: from rhetoric to action. Scand J Public Health. 2011;39(6 Suppl):11-18. doi:10.1177/1403494810379895
6
Collins PA, Abelson J, Eyles JD. Knowledge into action? Understanding ideological barriers to addressing health inequalities at the local level. Health Policy. 2007;80(1):158-171. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2006.02.014
7
Didem E, Filiz E, Orhan O, Gulnur S, Erdal B. Local decision makers’ awareness of the social determinants of health in Turkey: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:437. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-437
8
Gauld R, Bloomfield A, Kiro C, Lavis J, Ross S. Conceptions and uses of public health ideas by New Zealand government policymakers: report on a five-agency survey. Public Health. 2006;120(4):283-289. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2005.10.008
9
Lavis JN, Ross SE, Stoddart GL, Hohenadel JM, McLeod CB, Evans RG. Do Canadian Civil Servants Care About the Health of Populations? Am J Public Health. 2003;93(4):658-663. doi:10.2105/ajph.93.4.658
10
Putland C, Baum F, Ziersch A. From causes to solutions - insights from lay knowledge about health inequalities. BMC Public Health. 2011;11(1):67. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-67
11
Raphael D. Educating the Canadian public about the social determinants of health: the time for local public health action is now! Glob Health Promot. 2012;19(3):54-59. doi:10.1177/1757975912453847
12
Kickbusch I, Gleicher D. Governance for Health in the 21st Century. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2012.
13
The Sudbury & District Health Unit. What is health equity? https://www.sdhu.com/health-topics-programs/health-equity/health-equity. Accessed February 26, 2016.
14
Greaves L, Bialystok LR. Health in All Policies – all talk and little action? Can J Public Health. 2011;102(6):407-409.
15
Pinto AD, Molnar A, Shankardass K, O’Campo PJ, Bayoumi AM. Economic considerations and health in all policies initiatives: evidence from interviews with key informants in Sweden, Quebec and South Australia. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:171. doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1350-0.
16
de Leeuw E, Clavier C, Breton E. Health policy – why research it and how: health political science. Health Res Policy Syst. 2014;12(1):55. doi:10.1186/1478-4505-12-55
17
Breton E, Richard L, Gagnon F, Jacques M, Bergeron P. Health promotion research and practice require sound policy analysis models: the case of Quebec’s Tobacco Act. Soc Sci Med. 2008;67(11):1679-1689. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.07.028
18
Hawe P. Lessons from Complex Interventions to Improve Health. Annu Rev Public Health. 2015;36(1):307-323. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114421
19
Ndumbe-Eyoh S, Moffatt H. Intersectoral action for health equity: a rapid systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:1056. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-1056
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Human Rights Discourse in the Sustainable Development Agenda Avoids Obligations and Entitlements; Comment on “Rights Language in the Sustainable Development Agenda: Has Right to Health Discourse and Norms Shaped Health Goals?”
Our commentary on Forman et al paper explores their thesis that right to health language can frame global health policy responses. We examined human rights discourse in the outcome documents from three 2015 United Nations (UN) summits and found rights-related terms are used in all three. However, a deeper examination of the discourse finds the documents do not convey the obligations and entitlements of human rights and international human rights law. The documents contain little that can be used to empower the participation of those already left behind and to hold States and the private sector to account for their human rights duties. This is especially worrying in a neoliberal era.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3173_9e8b81489449e8eebe66c5be15b60e34.pdf
2016-06-01
387
390
10.15171/ijhpm.2016.29
Human Rights
Right to Health
Climate Change
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
International Human Rights Law
Discourse Analysis
Neoliberalism
Carmel
Williams
carmel.williams@adelaide.edu.au
1
Francois-Xavier Bagnoud (FXB), Center for Health and Human Rights, Harvard T.H. Chan, School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alison
Blaiklock
mountains@ihug.co.nz
2
Department of Public Health, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
AUTHOR
Forman L, Ooms G, Brolan CE. Rights language in the sustainable development agenda: has right to health discourse and norms shaped health goals? Int J Health Policy Manag. 2015;4(12):799-804. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.171
1
United Nations General Assembly. Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Resolution 70/1 adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015. UN document A/RES/70/1. New York: United Nations; 2015. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/post2015/summit. Accessed January 29, 2016.
2
United Nations General Assembly. Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development (Addis Ababa Action Agenda). Resolution 69/313 adopted by the General Assembly on July 27, 2015. UN document A/RES/69/313. New York: United Nations; 2015. http://www.un.org/esa/ffd/ffd3/documents.html. Accessed January 29, 2016.
3
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Conference of the Parties. Adoption of the Paris Agreement. Proposal by the President. Adopted 12 December 2015.UN document FCCC/CP/2015/L.9/Rev.1. Bonn: United Nations; 2015. http://unfccc.int/meetings/paris_nov_2015/meeting/8926/php/view/documents.php. Accessed January 29, 2015
4
Bohoslavsky JP. Why the Addis Debt Chapter Falls Short. UNRISD web site. http://www.unrisd.org/road-to-addis-bohoslavsky. Accessed January 29, 2015. Published September 15, 2015.
5
Hunt P. SDGs and the Importance of Formal Independent Review: An Opportunity for Health to Lead the Way. Health & Human Rights Journal SDG SERIES. http://www.hhrjournal.org/2015/09/sdg-series-sdgs-and-the-importance-of-formal-independent-review-an-opportunity-for-health-to-lead-the-way/ Accessed January 29, 2015. Published September 2, 2015
6
Davis M. Statement on COP21 by Permanent Forum Chair, Professor Megan Davis, December 16, 2015. UN Division Social Policy and Development Indigenous Peoples web site. https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/news/2015/12/statement-on-cop21/ Accessed January 29, 2015.
7
TWN Paris News Updates. Third World Network web site. http://twn.my/title2/climate/paris.news01.htm. Accessed January 29, 2015.
8
United Nations General Assembly. Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, World Conference on Human Rights. Vienna 14-25 June, 1993. UN document A/CONF.157/23. New York: United Nations; 1993. http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/Vienna.aspx. Accessed January 29, 2015.
9
Hunt P. Missed opportunities: human rights and the Commission on Social Determinants of Health. Glob Health Promot. 2009;16(1):36-41. doi:10.1177/1757975909103747
10
Hunt P. SDGs and the Importance of Formal Independent Review: An Opportunity for Health to Lead the Way. Health & Human Rights Journal SDG SERIES. http://www.hhrjournal.org/2015/09/sdg-series-sdgs-and-the-importance-of-formal-independent-review-an-opportunity-for-health-to-lead-the-way/ Accessed January 29, 2015. Published September 2, 2015.
11
Williams C, Blaiklock A. With SDGs Now Adopted, Human Rights Must Inform Implementation and Accountability.Health & Human Rights Journal SDG SERIES web site. http://www.hhrjournal.org/2015/09/sdg-series-with-sdgs-now-adopted-human-rights-must-inform-implementation-and-accountability/. Accessed January 29, 2015.
12
Chapman AR. Missed opportunities: the human rights gap in the report of the commission on social determinants of health. J Hum Right. 2011;10:132-150. doi:10.1080/14754835.2011.56891
13
Human Rights Council. “Report of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises, John Ruggie”, A/HRC/17/31, March 21, 2011,
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Yamin AE. Power, Suffering and the Struggle for Dignity. Philadelphia, USA: University of Pennsylvania Press; 2015:59.
15
United Nations General Assembly. Report of the Independent Expert on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order. http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/RegularSessions/Session30/Pages/ListReports.aspx. Accessed January 29, 2015. Published July 14, 2015.
16
Freeman J, Keating G, Monasterio E, Neuwelt P, Gleeson D. Call for transparency in new generation trade deals. Lancet. 2015;385(9968):604-605. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60233-1
17
Stiglitz JE. “The New Geo-Economics”, Project Syndicate web site. https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/hope-for-better-global-governance-by-joseph-e--stiglitz-2016-01. Accessed January 29, 2016. Published January 8, 2016.
18
United Nations General Assembly. Promotion of a democratic and equitable international order. http://daccess-ods.un.org/TMP/4536562.26396561.html. Accessed January 29, 2016. Published August 5, 2015.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Conundrum of Online Prescription Drug Promotion; Comment on “Trouble Spots in Online Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Promotion: A Content Analysis of FDA Warning Letters”
This commentary discusses pertinent issues from Hyosun Kim’s paper on online prescription drug promotion. The study is well-designed and the findings highlight some of the consequences of the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) decision to deregulate online advertising of prescription drugs. While Kim’s findings confirm some of the early concerns, they also provide a perspective of implementation challenges in the everchanging technological environment.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3177_a5d0c79f343109a816d326d8b49c4f36.pdf
2016-06-01
391
392
10.15171/ijhpm.2016.33
Prescription Drug
Online Promotion
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Isaac
Wanasika
isaac.wanasika@unco.edu
1
Moffort College of Business, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hyosun K. Trouble spots in online direct-to-consumer prescription drug promotion: a content analysis of FDA warning letters. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2015;4(12):813-822. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.157
1
Arnold DG, Oakley J. The politics and strategy of industry self-regulation: the pharmaceutical industry's principles for ethical direct-to-consumer advertising as a deceptive blocking strategy. J Health Polit Policy Law. 2013;38(3):505-544. doi:10.1215/03616878-2079496
2
Perrin A. Social Media Usage: 2005-2015. Pew Internet & American Life Project; 2015.
3
United States, Government Accountability Office. Prescription drugs : improvements needed in FDA's oversight of direct-to consumer advertising : report to congressional requesters. Washington, DC: GAO; 2006.
4
Angell M. The truth about the drug companies : how they deceive us and what to do about it. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks; 2005.
5
Frosch D, Krueger P, Hornik R, Cronholm P, Barg F. Creating demand for prescription drugs: a content analysis of television direct-to-consumer advertising. Ann Fam Med. 2007;5(1):6-13.
6
Cox A, Cox D. A defense of direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising. Business Horizons. 2010;53(2):221-228. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2009.11.006
7
Arnold DG, OAkley A. The politics and strategy of industry self-regulation: the pharmaceutical industry's principles for ethical direct-to-consumer advertising as a deceptive blocking strategy. J Health Polit Policy Law. 2013;38(3):505-544. doi:10.1215/03616878-2079496
8
Frosch DL, Grande D, Tarn DM, Kravitz RL. A decade of controversy: balancing policy with evidence in the regulation of prescription drug advertising. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(1):24-32. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.153767
9
Ahn H, Park J, Haley E. consumers' optimism bias and responses to risk disclosures in direct‐to‐consumer (DTC) Prescription drug advertising: the moderating role of subjective health literacy. J Consum Aff. 2014;48(1):175-194. doi:10.1111/joca.12028
10
Lynch HF, Cohen IG. FDA in the Twenty-First Century : The Challenges of Regulating Drugs and New Technologies. New York: Columbia University Press; 2015.
11
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Beyond the Black Box Approach to Ethics!; Comment on “Expanded HTA: Enhancing Fairness and Legitimacy”
In the editorial published in this journal, Daniels and colleagues argue that his and Sabin’s accountability for reasonableness (A4R) framework should be used to handle ethical issues in the health technology assessment (HTA)-process, especially concerning fairness. In contrast to this suggestion, it is argued that such an approach risks suffering from the irrrelevance or insufficiency they warn against. This is for a number of reasons: lack of comprehensiveness, lack of guidance for how to assess ethical issues within the “black box” of A4R as to issues covered, competence and legitimate arguments and finally seemingly accepting consensus as the final verdict on ethical issues. We argue that the HTA community is already in a position to move beyond this black box approach.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3187_b3e04cbeccbb5921197749b11850fdfd.pdf
2016-06-01
393
394
10.15171/ijhpm.2016.43
Health Technology Assessment (HTA)
Accountability for Reasonableness (A4R)
Ethics
Ethical
Competence
Ethical Analysis
Lars
Sandman
lars.sandman@liu.se
1
National Centre for Priority Setting in Health-Care, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
LEAD_AUTHOR
Erik
Gustavsson
erik.gustavsson@liu.se
2
Division of Arts and Humanities, Department of Culture and Communication, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
AUTHOR
Daniels N, Porteny T, Urritia J. Expanded HTA: Enhancing Fairness and Legitimacy. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2015;5(1):1-3. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.187
1
Biron L, Rumbold B, Faden R. Social value judgments in healthcare: a philosophical critique. J Health Organ Manag. 2012;26(3):317-330.
2
Hofmann B. Toward a procedure for integrating moral issues in health technology assessment. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2005;21(3):312-318.
3
Saarni SI, Braunack-Mayer A, Hofmann B, van der Wilt GJ. Different methods for ethical analysis in health technology assessment: An empirical study. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2011;27(4):305-312. doi:10.1017/s0266462311000444
4
Duthie K, Bond K. Improving ethics analysis in health technology assessment. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2011;27(1):64-70. doi:10.1017/s0266462310001303
5
Heintz E, Lintamo L, Hultcrantz M, et al. Framework for systematic identification of ethical aspects of healthcare technologies: the SBU approach. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2015;31(3):124-130. doi:10.1017/s0266462315000264
6
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Whistleblowing in the Wind Towards a Socially Situated Research Agenda: A Response to Recent Commentaries
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3178_2ff135203348b85c663ca9242396e15a.pdf
2016-06-01
395
396
10.15171/ijhpm.2016.34
Whistleblowing
Healthcare Organizations
Cultures of Silence
Cultures of Voice
Safer Care
Russell
Mannion
r.mannion@bham.ac.uk
1
Health Services Management Center, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
LEAD_AUTHOR
Huw T.O.
Davies
hd@st-andrews.ac.uk
2
Social Dimensions of Health Institute, Universities of Dundee and St Andrews, Fife, UK
AUTHOR
Mannion R, Davies H, Cultures of silence and cultures of voice: the role of whistleblowing in healthcare organisations. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2015;4(8):503-505. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.120
1
Alford CF. What makes whistleblowers so threatening? Comment on “Cultures of silence and cultures of voice: the role of whistleblowing in healthcare organisations.” Int J Health Policy Manag. 2016;5(1):71-73. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.183
2
Blenkinsopp J, Snowden N. What About Leadership? Comment on “Cultures of silence and cultures of voice: the role of whistleblowing in healthcare organisations.” Int J Health Policy Manag. 2016;5(2):125-127. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.193
3
Cleary SR, Doyle KE. Whistleblowing need not occur if internal voices are heard: from deaf effect to hearer courage: Comment on “Cultures of silence and cultures of voice: the role of whistleblowing in healthcare organisations.” Int J Health Policy Manag. 2016;5(1):59-61. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.177
4
Hyde PA. A wicked problem? Whistleblowing in healthcare organisations: Comment on “Cultures of silence and cultures of voice: the role of whistleblowing in healthcare organisations.” Int J Health Policy Manag. 2016;5(4):267-269. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2016.01
5
Jones A. The role of employee whistleblowing and raising concerns in an organizational learning culture - elusive and laudable? Comment on “Cultures of silence and cultures of voice: the role of whistleblowing in healthcare organisations.” Int J Health Policy Manag. 2016;5(1):67-69. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.182
6
MacDougall DR. Whistleblowing: don't encourage it, prevent it: Comment on “Cultures of silence and cultures of voice: the role of whistleblowing in healthcare organisations.” Int J Health Policy Manag. 2016;5(3):189-191. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.190
7
Schein EH. Whistle blowing: a message to leaders and managers: Comment on “Cultures of Silence and Cultures of Voice: The Role of Whistleblowing in Healthcare Organisations.” Int J Health Policy Manag. 2016;5(4):265-266. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.207
8
Waring J. When whistle-blowers become the story: the problem of the 'third victim': Comment on “Cultures of silence and cultures of voice: the role of whistleblowing in healthcare organisations.” Int J Health Policy Manag. 2016;5(2):133-135. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.197
9
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
New 2016 MeSH Addressing Information Gap, Poverty, Violence and Danger of Medicine Set the Tone for Policy-Makers in Patient Care
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_3185_6935325a4f5cca08e9a976409cd09293.pdf
2016-06-01
397
398
10.15171/ijhpm.2016.40
Information Science
Medical Subject Heading
General Practice
Medical Overuse
Marc
Jamoulle
marc_jamoulle@runbox.com
1
Department of General Practice, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
LEAD_AUTHOR
Rycroft-Malone J, Burton CR, Bucknall T, Graham ID, Hutchinson AM, Stacey D. Collaboration and co-production of knowledge in healthcare: opportunities and challenges. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2016;5(4):221-223, 2016. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2016.08
1
Allen J, Gay B, Crebolder H, Heyrman J, Svab I, Ram P. The European definition of general practice/family medicine. European Academy of Teachers in General Practice, pages 1–11, 2005 revised 2011. http://www.woncaeurope.org/sites/default/files/documents/Definition%203rd%20ed%202011%20with%20revised%20wonca%20tree.pdf.
2
Lionis C, Stoffers HE, Hummers-Pradier E, Griffiths F, Rotar-Pavlic D, Rethans JJ. Setting priorities and identifying barriers for general practice research in Europe. Results from an EGPRW meeting. Fam Pract. 2004;21(5):587-593.
3
Schulman J. Whats New for 2016 MeSH. NLM Tech Bull. 2015;407:e9. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/techbull/nd15/nd15_mesh.html
4
Jamoulle M. The Q-Codes. From Dunedin 2007 to Hyderabad 2015. In: Wonca International Classification Committee Annual Meeting; Hyderabad, India; Nov 2015. http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/handle/2268/188107
5
Jamoulle M. Quaternary prevention, an answer of family doctors to overmedicalization. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2015;4(2):61-64. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.24
6
Campos A, Treuherz A, Ribeiro O. DeCS health terminology description, uses and services. http://wiki.bireme.org/pt/img_auth.php/6/68/DeCS2012_en.pdf. Published 2012.
7
British Medical Journal. Too much medicine — The BMJ. http://www.bmj.com/too-much-medicine.
8
RBMFC. Special issue on Quaternay Prevention (P4). Rev Bras Med Fam Comunidade 2015;35(10). http://www.rbmfc.org.br/rbmfc/issue/view/44/showToc
9
Bentzen N. Wonca Dictionary of General/Family Practice, 2003. http://www.ph3c.org/PH3C/docs/27/000092/0000052.pdf
10
Tan A, Kuo YF, Goodwin JS. Potential overuse of screening mammography and its association with access to primary care. Med Care. 2014;52(6):490-495. doi:10.1097/MLR.0000000000000115
11
John S Yudkin and Victor M Montori. Comment on Cefalu et Al. The alarming and rising costs of diabetes and prediabetes: a call for action! Diabetes care 2014;37:3137-3138. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(5):e81. doi:10.2337/dc14-2910
12
Gonz´alez-Moreno M, Saborido C, Teira D. Disease-mongering through clinical trials. Stud Hist Philos Biol Biomed Sci. 2015;51:11-18. doi:10.1016/j.shpsc.2015.02.007
13
Ioannidis JP. Why most published research findings are false. PLoS Med. 2005;2(8):e124, doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124
14