ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Paying People to Be Healthy
User Financial Incentives (UFIs) have emerged as a powerful tool for health promotion. Strong evidence suggests that large enough incentives paid to individuals, conditional on behaviour they can control, encourages more of the desired behaviour. However, such interventions can have unintended consequences for non-targeted behaviours. Implementation difficulties that result in individuals not understanding the nature of the incentive, unintended opportunities to “game” the system and inefficient roll-outs, can dampen results. Moreover, the legitimacy of paternalistic interventions by health planners requires careful consideration if we accept that the families involved will almost certainly be better judges of their own best interests than outsiders.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_2792_bdbce0540c79c9fa05a31c8bbee81563.pdf
2013-11-16
245
246
10.15171/ijhpm.2013.51
Incentives
Behavioural Economics
Cash Transfers
User Financial Incentives
Health Promotion
Evelyn
Forget
evelyn.forget@med.umanitoba.ca
1
Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
LEAD_AUTHOR
Oliver A, Lawrence D. Brown LD. A Consideration of User financial Incentives to address health inequalities. J Health Polit Policy Law 2012; 37: 201–26. doi: 10.1215/03616878-1538602
1
Thaler RH, Sunstein CR. Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. New Haven: Yale University Press; 2008. doi: 10.1007/s10602-008-9056-2
2
Ripley A. Should kids be bribed to do well in school? Time Magazine [serial on the Internet]. [updated 2010 Apr 8; cited 2013 Nov 8]. Available from: http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1978758,00.html
3
Fryer RG Jr. Financial Incentives and Student Achievement: Evidence from Randomized Trials. Q J Econ 2011; 126: 1755–98. doi: 10.1093/qje/qjr045
4
Riccio JC. Early Findings from New York City’s Conditional Cash Transfer program [internet]. 2010. Available from: http://www.irp.wisc.edu/publications/fastfocus/pdfs/FF5-2010.pdf
5
Paes-Sousa R, Santos LM, Miazaki ÉS. Effects of a conditional cash transfer programme on child nutrition in Brazil. Bull World Health Organ 2011; 89: 496–503. doi: 10.2471/blt.10.084202
6
Baird S, McIntosh C, Őzler B. Cash or condition? evidence from a cash transfer experiment. Q J Econ 2011; 126: 1709–53. doi: 10.1093/qje/qjr032
7
SJ Baird, RS Garfein, CT McIntosh, B Őzler. Effect of a cash transfer programme for schooling on prevalence of HIV and herpes simplex type 2 in Malawi: a cluster randomised trial. Lancet 2012; 379: 1320–9. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61709-1
8
Horwitz JR, Kelly BD, DiNardo JE. Wellness incentives in the workplace: cost savings through cost shifting to unhealthy workers. Health Aff (Millwood) 2013; 32: 468–76. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2012.0683
9
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Rivers of Evidence
There has been too much of a one-way flow drift down a river of evidence. Researchers from rich countries have produced the primary evidence which they proceed to summarise within reviews. These summaries have directed care worldwide. However, things are changing and the river of evidence can flow in the other direction. The care of women with eclampsia has been changed or refined throughout the world because of a large low and middle income country trial. The global care of people with heart disease has been greatly modified by studies originating in China. The care of people who are acutely aggressive because of psychosis has to be reconsidered in the light of the evidence coming from Brazil and India. Healthcare is an issue everywhere and evaluation of care is not the premise of any one culture—the evidence—river must run both ways
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_2787_0a9e619c9a5ab2d84bda40b1f0f67d13.pdf
2013-10-31
247
249
10.15171/ijhpm.2013.52
Systematic Reviews
Randomised Trials
Research Capacity
Clive
Adams
clive.adams@nottingham.ac.uk
1
Cochrane Schizophrenia Group, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, UK
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Cochrane AL. Effectiveness and Efficiency: Random Reflections on Health Services. London: Royal Society of Medicine Press; 1999.
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2. Rayleigh L. Report of the fifty-fourth meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science; held at Montreal in August and September 1884. London: John Murray; 1885. p. 3-23. doi: 10.5962/bhl.title.38241
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4. The Cochrane Collaboration. Working together to provide the best evidence for health care [Internet]. [cited 2011 May 16]. Available from: http://www.cochrane.org/
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6. Moll C, Gessler U, Bartsch S, El-Sayeh HG, Fenton M, Adams CE. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and productivity of schizophrenia trials: an ecological study. BMC Psychiatry 2003; 3: 18. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-3-18
6
7. Nasser M, Tibi A, Savage-Smith E. Ibn Sina’s Canon of Medicine: 11th century rules for assessing the effects of drugs. J R Soc Med 2009; 102: 78–80. doi: 10.1258/jrsm.2008.08k040
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11. Lau J, Antman EM, Jimenez-Silva J, Kupelnick B, Mosteller F, Chalmers TC. Cumulative meta-analysis of therapeutic trials for myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 248–54. doi: 10.1056/nejm199207233270406
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13. WHO. mhGAP Intervention Guide for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in non-specialized health settings [Internet]. [cited 2011 Sep 15]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mental_health/evidence/mhGAP_intervention_guide/en/index.html
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14. Thorpe KE, Zwarenstein M, Oxman AD, Treweek S, Furberg CD, Altman DG, et al. A pragmatic-explanatory continuum indicator summary (PRECIS): a tool to help trial designers. J Clin Epidemiol 2009; 62: 464–75. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.12.011
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15. Collaborative Eclampsia Group. Which anticonvulsant for women with eclampsia? Evidence from the Collaborative Eclampsia Trial. Lancet 1995; 345: 1455–63. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(95)91034-4
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16. Chen ZM, Jiang LX, Chen YP, Xie JX, Pan HC, Peto R, et al. Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 1607–21.
16
17. Huf G, Coutinho ESF, Adams CE. Physical restraints versus seclusion room for management of people with acute aggression or agitation due to psychotic illness (TREC-SAVE): a randomized trial. Psychol Med 2012; 42: 2265–73. doi: 10.1017/S0033291712000372
17
18. TREC Collaborative Group. Rapid tranquillisation for agitated patients in emergency psychiatric rooms: a randomised trial of midazolam versus haloperidol plus promethazine. BMJ 2003; 327: 708–13. doi: 10.1136/bmj.327.7417.708
18
19. Alexander J, Tharyan P, Adams C, John T, Mol C, Philip J. Rapid tranquillisation of violent or agitated patients in a psychiatric emergency setting. Pragmatic randomised trial of intramuscular lorazepam v. haloperidol plus promethazine. Br J Psychiatry J Ment Sci 2004; 185: 63–9. doi: 10.1192/bjp.185.1.63
19
20. Raveendran NS, Tharyan P, Alexander J, Adams CE. Rapid tranquillisation in psychiatric emergency settings in India: pragmatic randomised controlled trial of intramuscular olanzapine versus intramuscular haloperidol plus promethazine. BMJ 2007; 335: 865. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39341.608519.be
20
21. Huf G, Coutinho ESF, Adams CE. Rapid tranquillisation in psychiatric emergency settings in Brazil: pragmatic randomised controlled trial of intramuscular haloperidol versus intramuscular haloperidol plus promethazine. BMJ 2007; 335: 869. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39339.448819.ae
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22
23. Takriti Y, El-Sayeh HG, Adams CE. Internet-based search of randomised trials relevant to mental health originating in the Arab world. BMC Psychiatry 2005; 5: 30.
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Patient Safety and Healthcare Quality: The Case for Language Access
This paper aims to provide a description of the need for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) for Limited English Proficient (LEP) patients, an identification of how the lack of CLAS for LEP patients can compromise patient safety and healthcare quality, and discuss barriers to the provision of CLAS.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_2796_17ed78089c41c1954e84324a0a8336dd.pdf
2013-11-27
251
253
10.15171/ijhpm.2013.53
Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS)
Limited English Proficient (LEP)
Patient Safety
Healthcare Quality
Language Access
Cheri
Wilson
cwilson366@comcast.net
1
Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Breaking down the Language Barrier: Translating Limited English Proficiency into Practice (Videos available from the U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division at http://www.justice.gov/crt/pressroom/videos.php?group=2
1
Texas Association of Healthcare Interpreters and Translators (TAHIT). Public Service Announcement [internet]. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBLuaoGXOBg
2
U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census. doi: 10.1007/s11113-013-9292-7
3
U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey. doi: 10.1002/9781118662762.app6
4
Pandya C, Batalova J, McHugh M. Limited English Proficient Individuals in the United States: Number, Share, Growth, and Linguistic Diversity. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute; 2001.
5
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Civil Rights. Guidance to Federal Financial Assistance Recipients Regarding Title VI Prohibition against National Origin Discrimination Affecting Limited English Proficient Persons [internet]. Available from: http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/civilrights/resources/laws/revisedlep.html
6
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health. Final Report: National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health Care, 2001. doi: 10.1177/1084822303253595
7
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health. National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) in Health and Health Care [internet]. 2013. Available from: https://www.thinkculturalhealth.hhs.gov/content/clas.asp
8
Institute of Medicine. Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2002. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200309253491321
9
The Joint Commission Sentinel Event Database [internet]. Available from: http://www.jointcommission.org/sentinel_event.aspx
10
Flores G. The Impact of Medical Interpretation Services on the Quality of Health Care: A Systematic Review. Medical Care Res Rev 2005; 62: 255–99. doi: 10.1177/1077558705275416
11
Flores G, Laws MB, Mayo SJ, Zuckerman B, Abreu M, Medina L, et al. Errors in Medical Interpretation and Their Potential Clinical Consequences in Pediatric Encounters. Pediatrics 2003; 111: 6–14. doi: 10.1542/peds.111.1.6
12
Divi C, Koss RG, Schmaltz SP, Loeb JM. Language Proficiency and Adverse Events in U.S. Hospitals: A Pilot Study. Int J Qual Health Care 2007; 19: 60–7. doi: 10.1093/intqhc/mzl069
13
Weise E. Demand Surges for Medical Translators at Medical Facilities. USA Today [serial on the internet]. 2006 July 20. [cited 2013 Nov 2]; Available from: http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/2006-07-19-medical-interpreters_x.htm
14
Diamond LC, Schenker Y, Curry L, Bradley EH, Fernandez A. Getting By: Underuse of Interpreters by Resident Physicians. J Gen Intern Med 2008; 24: 256–62. doi: 10.1007/s11606-008-0875-7
15
Ebden P, Carey OJ, Bhatt A, Harrison B. The Bilingual Consultation. Lancet 1988; 1: 347. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(88)91133-6
16
Flores G, Abreu M, Schwartz I, Hill M. The Importance of Language and Culture in Pediatric Care: Case Studies from the Latino Community. J Pediatr 2000; 137: 842–8. doi: 10.1067/mpd.2000.109150
17
Harsham P. A Misinterpreted Word Worth $71 Million. Med Econ 1984; 61: 289–92.
18
Health Research & Educational Trust. Hospital Language Services for Patients with Limited English Proficiency: Results from a National Survey [internet]. 2006. Available from: http://www.hret.org/resources/1550998119
19
Martinez EL. White Paper: For the Health Care CEO: Thinking about Language Access in Health Care [internet]. 2008. Available from: http://www.pgsi.com/Products/Resources/WhitePapers/WhitePaper1.aspx#form
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Gaining Insight into the Prevention of Maternal Death Using Narrative Analysis: An Experience from Kerman, Iran
Reduction in maternal mortality requires an in-depth knowledge of the causes of death. This study was conducted to explore the circumstances and events leading to maternal mortality through a holistic approach. Using narrative text analysis, all documents related to maternal deaths occurred from 2007 to 2011 in Kerman province/Iran were reviewed thoroughly by an expert panel. A 93-item chart abstraction instrument was developed according to the expert panel and literature. The instrument consisted of demographic and pregnancy related variables, underlying and contributing causes of death, and type of delays regarding public health aspects, medical and system performance issues. A total of 64 maternal deaths were examined. One third of deaths occurred in women less than 18 or higher than 35 years. Nearly 95% of them lived in a low or mid socioeconomic status. In half of the cases, inappropriate or nonuse of contraceptives was seen. Delay in the provision of any adequate treatment after arrival at the health facility was seen in 59% of cases. The most common medical causes of death were preeclampsia/eclampsia (15.6%), postpartum hemorrhage (12.5%) and deep phlebothrombosis (10.9%), respectively. Negligence was accounted for 95% of maternal deaths. To overcome the root causes of maternal death, more emphasis should be devoted to system failures and patient safety rather than the underlying causes of death and medical issues solely.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_2782_7b08193fc767f95a6179ebe59b73eafd.pdf
2013-10-05
255
259
10.15171/ijhpm.2013.54
Maternal Mortality
Maternal Health Services/Organization and Administration
Patient Safety
Rana
Eftekhar-Vaghefi
rana_eftekharvaghefi@yahoo.com
1
Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Shohreh
Foroodnia
shohreh.forodnia@gmail.com
2
Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Institute of Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Nouzar
Nakhaee
nakhaeen@yahoo.com
3
Research Center for Health Services Management, Institute of Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. World Health Organization. The WHO application of ICD-10 to deaths during pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium: IDC MM. Geneva: WHO; 2012.
1
2. Godal T, Quam L. Accelerating the global response to reduce maternal mortality. Lancet 2012; 379: 2025–6. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60863-0
2
3. Berer M. Maternal mortality or women’s health: time for action. Reprod Health Matters 2012; 20: 5–10. doi: 10.1016/s0968-8080(12)39632-8
3
4. Milliez J. Rights to safe motherhood and newborn health: ethical issues. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009; 106: 110–1. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2009.03.019
4
5. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, The World Bank. Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990 to 2010. Geneva: WHO; 2012. doi: 10.1017/s0021932002242832
5
6. Moazzeni MS. Maternal mortality in the Islamic republic of Iran: on track and in transition. Matern Child Health J 2013; 17: 577–80. doi: 10.1007/s10995-012-1043-6
6
7. Tajik P, Nedjat S, Afshar NE, Changizi N,Yazdizadeh B, Azemikhah A, et al. Inequality in maternal mortality in Iran: an ecologic study. Int J Prev Med 2012; 3: 116–21.
7
8. Clark SL. Strategies for reducing maternal mortality. Semin Perinatol 2012; 36: 42–7. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2011.09.009
8
9. Main EK. Decisions required for operating a maternal mortality review committee: the California experience. Semin Perinatol 2012; 36: 37–41. Doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2011.09.008
9
10. Azemikhah A, Amirkhani MA, Jalilvand P, Emami Afshar N, Radpooyan L, Changizi N. Maternal mortality surveillance system in Iran. Iran J Public Health 2009; 38: 90–2.
10
11. World Health Organization. Beyond the numbers: reviewing maternal deaths and complications to make pregnancy safer. Geneva: WHO; 2004. doi: 10.1007/BF03084278
11
12. Williamson A, Feyer AM, Stout N, Driscoll T, Usher H. Use of narrative analysis for comparisons of the causes of fatal accidents in three countries: New Zealand, Australia, and the United States. Inj Prev 2001; 7: i15–20. doi: 10.1136/ip.7.suppl_1.i15
12
13. Fins JJ, Schwager Guest R, Acres CA. Gaining insight into the care of hospitalized dying patients: an interpretative narrative analysis. J Pain Symptom Manage 2000; 20: 399–407. doi: 10.1016/s0885-3924(00)00220-7
13
14. Bingley AF, Thomas C, Brown J, Reeve J, Payne S. Developing narrative research in supportive and palliative care: the focus on illness narratives. Palliat Med 2008; 22: 653–8. doi: 10.1177/0269216308089842
14
15. Eslami M, Yazdanpanah M, Taheripanah R, Andalib P, Rahimi A, Nakhaee N. Profile of high risk pregnancies in Iran. International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2013; 1: 213–8. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2013.39
15
16. Nour NM. An introduction to maternal mortality. Rev Obstet Gynecol 2008; 1: 77–81.
16
17. Blanc AK, Winfrey W, Ross J. New findings for maternal mortality age patterns: aggregated results for 38 countries. PLoS One 2013; 8: e59864. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059864
17
18. Pacagnella RC, Cecatti JG, Osis MJ, Souza JP. The role of delays in severe maternal morbidity and mortality: expanding the conceptual framework. Reprod Health Matters 2012; 20: 155–63. doi: 10.1016/s0968-8080(12)39601-8
18
19. The Joint Commission. Sentinel Event Alert, Issue 44: Preventing Maternal Death. 2010. Available from: http://www.jointcommission.org/sentinel_event_alert_issue_44_preventing_maternal_death/
19
20. Grossman J. Health education: the leading edge of primary healthcare and maternal and child health. In: Wallace HM, Giri DK (eds). Health care of women and children in developing countries. Oakdale: Third Party Publishing Company; 1990. p.56–67.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Verification of a Quality Management Theory: Using a Delphi Study
Background A model of quality management called Strategic Collaborative Quality Management (SCQM) model was developed based on the quality management literature review, the findings of a survey on quality management assessment in healthcare organisations, semi-structured interviews with healthcare stakeholders, and a Delphi study on healthcare quality management experts. The purpose of this study was to verify the SCQM model. Methods The proposed model was further developed using feedback from thirty quality management experts using a Delphi method. Further, a guidebook for its implementation was prepared including a road map and performance measurement. Results The research led to the development of a context-specific model of quality management for healthcare organisations and a series of guidelines for its implementation. Conclusion A proper model of quality management should be developed and implemented properly in healthcare organisations to achieve business excellence.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_2783_b5f32d53fd6d33187322ee8eff90d50d.pdf
2013-10-07
261
271
10.15171/ijhpm.2013.55
Strategic Quality Management
Healthcare Organisations
Modelling
Ali Mohammad
Mosadeghrad
mosadeghrad@gmail.com
1
Health Management and Economics Research Centre, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Huq Z, Martin TN. Workforce cultural factors in TQM/CQI implementation in hospitals. Health Care Manage Rev 2000; 25: 80–93. doi: 10.1097/00004010-200007000-00009
1
Mosadeghrad AM. A survey of total quality management in Iran: Barriers to successful implementation in health care organisations. Leadersh Health Serv (Bradf Engl) 2005; 18: xii-xxxiv.
2
Theodorakioglou YD, Tsiotras GD. The need for the introduction of quality management into Greek health care. Total Quality Management 2000; 11: 1153–65. doi: 10.1080/095441200440403
3
Mosadeghrad AM. Obstacles to TQM success in health care systems. Int J Health Care Qual Assur 2013; 26: 147–73. doi: 10.1108/09526861311297352
4
Badrick T, Preston A. Influences on the implementation of TQM in health care organizations: professional bureaucracies, ownership and complexity. Aust Health Rev 2001; 24: 166–75. doi: 10.1071/ah010166
5
Counte MA, Meurer S. Issues in the assessment of continuous quality improvement implementation in health care organizations. Int J Qual Health Care 2001; 13: 197–207. doi: 10.1093/intqhc/13.3.197
6
Yang CC. The establishment of a TQM system for the health care industry. The TQM Magazine 2003; 15: 93–8. doi: 10.1108/09544780310461107
7
Hellstrom A, Lifvergren S, Quist J. Process management in healthcare: investigating why it’s easier said than done. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 2010; 21: 499–511. doi: 10.1108/17410381011046607
8
Nembhard IM, Alexander JA, Hoff TJ, Ramanujam R. Why does the quality of health care continue to lag? Insights from management research. Academy of Management Perspectives 2009; 23: 24–42. doi: 10.5465/amp.2009.37008001
9
Ozturk AO, Swiss JE. Implementing management tools in Turkish public hospitals: the impact of culture, politics and role status. Public Adm Dev 2008; 28: 138–48. doi: 10.1002/pad.486
10
Abd-Manaf NH. Quality management in Malaysian public health care. Int J Health Care Qual Assur 2005; 18: 204–16. doi: 10.1108/09526860510594767
11
Alexander JA, Weiner BJ, Shortell SM, Baker LC. Does quality improvement implementation affect hospital quality of care? Hosp Top 2007; 85: 3–12. doi: 10.3200/htps.85.2.3-12
12
Withanachchi N, Handa Y, Karandagoda KKW, Pathirage PP, Tennakoon NCK, Pullaperuma DSP. TQM emphasizing 5-S principles: a breakthrough for chronic managerial constraints at public hospitals in developing countries. International Journal of Public Sector Management 2007; 20: 168–77. doi: 10.1108/09513550710740580
13
Mosadeghrad AM. The impact of organisational culture on the successful implementation of total quality management. The TQM Magazine 2006; 18: 606–25. doi: 10.1108/09544780610707101
14
Mosadeghrad AM. Towards a theory of quality management: an integration of strategic management, quality management and project management. International Journal of Modelling in Operations Management 2012; 2: 89–118. doi: 10.1504/ijmom.2012.043962
15
Godfrey G, Dale B, Marchington M, Wilkinson A. Control: a contested concept in TQM research. International Journal of Operations & Production Management 1997; 17: 558–73. doi: 10.1108/01443579710167258
16
Flood R. Beyond TQM. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1993.
17
Gotzamani KD, Tsiotras GD. An empirical study of the ISO 9000 standards’ contribution towards total quality management. International Journal of Operations & Production Management 2001; 21: 1326–42. doi: 10.1108/eum0000000005972
18
European Foundation for Quality Management, 2010. EFQM Excellence model [internet]. [cited 2013 October 1]. Available from: http://www.efqm.org/the-efqm-excellence-model
19
NIST [homepage on the Internet]. [cited 2009 June 25]. Criteria for Performance Excellence, Baldrige National Quality Program. Available from: http://www.baldrige.nist.gov/PDF_files/2009_2010_Business_Nonprofit_Criteria.pdf
20
Claver E, Tari JJ, Molina JF. Critical factors and results of quality management: an empirical study. Total Quality Management 2003; 14: 91–118. doi: 10.1080/14783360309709
21
Hansson J, Klefsjo B. A core value model for implementing total quality management in small organisations. The TQM Magazine 2003; 15: 71–81. doi: 10.1108/09544780310461071
22
Seetharaman A, Sreenivasan J, Boon LP. Critical success factors of total quality management. Qual Quant 2006; 40: 675–95. doi: 10.1007/s11135-005-1097-2
23
Taylor WA, Wright GH. A longitudinal study of TQM implementation: Factors influencing success and failure. Omega 2003; 31: 97–111. doi: 10.1016/s0305-0483(03)00017-3
24
Jennings K, Westfall F. A survey-based benchmarking approach for health care using the Baldridge quality criteria. Jt Comm J Qual Improv 1994; 20: 500–9.
25
Moeller J. The EFQM Excellence Model. German experiences with the EFQM approach in health care. Int J Qual Health Care 2001; 13 : 45–9. doi: 10.1093/intqhc/13.1.45
26
NIST [homepage on the Internet]. [cited 2009 June 25]. Health Care Criteria for Performance Excellence, Baldrige National Quality Program. Available From: ttp://www.baldrige.nist.gov/PDF_files/2009_2010_HealthCare_Criteria.pdf
27
Holloway NM. Medical-surgical care planning. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004.
28
Baidoun S, Zairi M. A proposed model for TQM implementation in the Palestinian context. Total Quality Management and Business Excellence 2003; 14: 1193–211. doi: 10.1080/1478336032000107744
29
Ghobadian A, Gallear D. TQM implementation: an empirical examination and proposed generic Model. Omega 2001; 29: 343–59. doi: 10.1016/s0305-0483(01)00030-5
30
Jackson S. Successfully implementing total quality management tools within healthcare: What are the key actions? Int J Health Care Qual Assur 2001; 14: 157–63. doi: 10.1108/09526860110392431
31
Leebov W, Jean C, Ersoz CJ. The health care manager’s guide to continuous quality improvement. Lincoln: iUniverse; 2003.
32
Oakland JS. Total quality management: Text with cases. 3rd ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2003.
33
Ruiz U, Simon J. Quality management in healthcare: a 20-year journey. Int J Health Care Qual Assur 2004; 17: 323–33. doi: 10.1108/09526860410557570
34
Ferlie EB, Shortell SM. Improving the quality of health care in the United Kingdom and the United States: A framework for change. Milbank Q 2001; 79: 281–315. doi: 10.1111/1468-0009.00206
35
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Customers’ Complaints and its Determinants: The Case of a Training Educational Hospital in Iran
Background Today, despite the efforts of the medical community and healthcare staff along with the advancements in medical technology, patients’ dissatisfaction and complaints have been increased. The present study aimed at making a survey on the patients’ complaints in a large training hospital affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS). Methods This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on written and verbal complaints of patients and their relatives in a tertiary (specialty and sub-specialty) training hospital. All the recorded patients’ complaints, from March to December 2012, were reviewed. Data were categorized and analyzed using descriptive statistics by Microsoft Excel 2007. Results A total of 233 complaints were reviewed, of which 46.35%, 31.34% and 22.31%, respectively, were verbal, written and made on the phone. The main reasons for complaints were accessibility to medical staff (21.46%), communication failures (20.17%) and dissatisfaction with the provided care (14.59%). Thirty one (13.31%) cases were solved at first place, 194 (83.26%) referred to the complaints from the committee and 3.43% referred to the legal authorities. The average response time was about six to seven days. Conclusion The findings of the study suggest that sufficient availability of medical staff, improvement in communication skills and paying attention to the patients’ needs and expectations may reduce complaints from public health facilities.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_2785_2b26931b9e0cd4c00b14718f4a561531.pdf
2013-10-28
273
277
10.15171/ijhpm.2013.56
Patients
Hospitals
Patients’ Complaints
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Hossein
Ebrahimipour
hebrahimip@gmail.com
1
Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Health and Management, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Vafaee-Najar
vafaeea@mums.ac.ir
2
Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Health and Management, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Khanijahani
khanjahani@gmail.com
3
School of public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
AUTHOR
Arefeh
Pourtaleb
arefehpourtaleb@yahoo.com
4
Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Health and Management, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zoleykha
Saadati
saadatiz1@mums.ac.ir
5
Ghaem Educational, Research and Treatment Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Yasamin
Molavi
yasamin_molavi@yahoo.com
6
Health Sciences Research Center, Department of Health and Management, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Shahnaz
Kaffashi
shahnaz.kaffashi@gmail.com
7
Departement of Health and Management, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Nobakht-Haghighi A, Zali MR, Mahdavi MS, Nowroozi A. Malpractice claims: a preliminary study in Tehran. Arch Iran Med 2002; 15: 52–3.
1
Montini T, Noble AA, Stelfox HT. Content analysis of patient complaints. Int J Qual Health Care 2008; 20: 412–20. doi: 10.1093/intqhc/mzn041
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Dublin Dental School & Hospital. Patient Complaints Policy– Currently under review [internet]. Ireland: Dental education and training institution; 2007. p. 1–7. Available from: http://www.dentalhospital.ie/patients/policies/
3
Siyambalapitiya S, Caunt J, Harrison N, White L, Weremczuk D, Fernando DJ. A 22 month study of patient complaints at a National Health Service hospital. Int J Nurs Pract 2007; 13: 107–10. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-172x.2007.00613.x
4
Romios P, Newby L, Wohlers M. Turning wrong into rights: learning from consumer reported incidents; An annotated literature review [internet]. Department of Health and Ageing, Commonwealth of Australia; 2003. Available from: http://www.healthissuescentre.org.au/documents/items/2008/04/204843-upload-00001.pdf
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WHO. The World health report 2000: health systems: improving performance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2000. doi: 10.1016/s0033-3549(04)50043-2
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College of Physicians & Surgeons of Alberta. CPSA 2012 Complaint Statistics [intrnet]. Canada: College of Physicians & Surgeons of Alberta; 2012. Available from: http://www.cpsa.ab.ca/services/Complaints_department/Complaint_Statistics.aspx
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Bismark MM, Brennan TA, Paterson RJ, Davis PB, Studdert DM. Relationship between complaints and quality of care in New Zealand: a descriptive analysis of complainants and non-complainants following adverse events. Qual Saf Health Care 2006; 15: 17–22. doi: 10.1136/qshc.2005.015743
8
Manouchehri Moghadam J, Ibrahimipour H, Akbari Sari A, Farahbakhsh M, Khoshgoftar Z. Study of patient complaints reported over 30 months at a large heart centre in Tehran. Qual Saf Health Care 2010; 19: e28. doi: 10.1136/qshc.2009.033654
9
Mirzaaghaee F, Moeinfar Z, Rashidian A, Eftekhari S. [Complaints recorded at three hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences and the factors affecting it, from April 2007 to March 2008]. Journal of Hospital 2012; 10: 19–28.
10
Vafaee-Najar A, Pourtaleb A, Ebrahimipour H, Dehnavieh R. Study of patient’s complaints reported over 36 months at a large public educational specialized center of obstetrics and gynecology. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 2013; 16: 23–9.
11
Pichert JW, Gerald H. Using Patient Complaints to Promote Patient Safety. In: Henriksen K, Battles JB, Keyes MA, Grady ML, editors. Advances in Patient Safety: New Directions and Alternative Approaches (Vol. 2: Culture and Redesign). Rockville: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2008.
12
Ebrahimipour H, Vafaee-Najar A, Khanijahani A, Pourtaleb A. Health system responsiveness: a case study of general hospitals in Iran. International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2013; 1: 85–90. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2013.56
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Zengin S, AL B, Yavz E, Şen C, Cindruk Ş, Yildrim C. Patient and relative complaints in a hospital emergency department: a 4-Year analysis. Tr J Emerg Med 2012; 12: 163–8. doi: 10.5505/1304.7361.2012.55823
16
Gorton M, Brous D, Coleman M, Schwarz R. Guide to complaint handling in health care services [internet]. Available from: http://www.health.vic.gov.au/hsc/downloads/complaints_handling.pdf
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Chavan R, Porter C, Sandramouli S. Formal complaints at an eye hospital: a three-year analysis. Clinical Governance: An International Journal 2007; 12: 85–92. doi: 10.1108/14777270710741447
18
Bazrafkan L, Shokrpour N, Tabeie S. [A survey of patients’ complaints against physicians in a five year period in Fars province: implication for medical education]. Journal of Medical Education 2008; 12: 23–8.
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Bendall-Lyon D, Powers TL. The role of complaint management in the service recovery process. Jt Comm J Qual Improv 2001; 27: 278–86.
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Anderson K, Allan D, Finucane P. A 30-month study of patient complaints at a major Australian hospital. J Qual Clin Pract 2001; 21: 109–11. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1762.2001.00422.x
23
Rezapour A, Asefzaddeh S, Ebadi Fard Azar F. [Calculating of daily- patient hotel cost in hospitals of Qazvin university of medical sciences]. Teb va Tazkieh Journal 2010; 18: 8–18.
24
Natangelo R. Clinicians’ and managers’ responses to patients’ complaints: A survey in hospitals of the Milan area. Clinical Governance 2007; 12: 260–6. doi: 10.1108/14777270710828937
25
Salazar A, Ortiga B, Escarrabill J, Corbella X. Emergency department complaints: A 12-Year study in a university hospital. Ann Emerg Med 2004; 44: S20. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.07.065
26
Taylor DM, Wolfe R, Cameron PA. Complaints from emergency department patients largely result from treatment and communication problems. Emerg Med (Fremantle) 2002; 14: 43–9. doi: 10.1046/j.1442-2026.2002.00284.x
27
Saravanan B, Ranganathan E, Jenkinson L. Lessons learnt from complaints by surgical patients. Clinical Governance: An International Journal 2007; 12: 155–8. doi: 10.1108/14777270710775864
28
Habibullah S. Responsiveness of the federal health system to the needs of 18-45 year old adults with physical disabilities in Islamabad, Pakistan [Dissertation]. Florida: University of South Florida; 2012.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Change Theory for Accounting System Reform in Health Sector: A Case Study of Kerman University of Medical Sciences in Iran
Background Change theories provide an opportunity for organizational managers to plan, monitor and evaluate changes using a framework which enable them, among others, to show a fast response to environmental fluctuations and to predict the changing patterns of individuals and technology. The current study aimed to explore whether the change in the public accounting system of the Iranian health sector has followed Kurt Lewin’s change theory or not. Methods This study which adopted a mixed methodology approach, qualitative and quantitative methods, was conducted in 2012. In the first phase of the study, 41 participants using purposive sampling and in the second phase, 32 affiliated units of Kerman University of Medical Sciences (KUMS) were selected as the study sample. Also, in phase one, we used face-to-face in-depth interviews (6 participants) and the quote method (35 participants) for data collection. We used a thematic framework analysis for analyzing data. In phase two, a questionnaire with a ten-point Likert scale was designed and then, data were analyzed using descriptive indicators, principal component and factorial analyses. Results The results of phase one yielded a model consisting of four categories of superstructure, apparent infrastructure, hidden infrastructure and common factors. By linking all factors, totally, 12 components based on the quantitative results showed that the state of all components were not satisfactory at KUMS (5.06±2.16). Leadership and management; and technology components played the lowest and the greatest roles in implementing the accrual accounting system respectively. Conclusion The results showed that the unfreezing stage did not occur well and the components were immature, mainly because the emphasis was placed on superstructure components rather than the components of hidden infrastructure. The study suggests that a road map should be developed in the financial system based on Kurt Lewin’s change theory and the model presented in this paper underpins the change management in any organizations.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_2786_f5554ab19ecd0187617765c0c0a5435e.pdf
2013-10-30
279
285
10.15171/ijhpm.2013.57
Financial Management
Health Sector Reform
Change Theories
Kurt Lewin’s Theory
Kerman
Iran
Mohammad Hossein
Mehrolhasani
mhmhealth@gmail.com
1
Research Center for Health Services Management, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Mozhgan
Emami
emami.mozhgan@yahoo.com
2
Research Center for Modelling in Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Devos RM. Lewin’s Change Management Model: Understanding the three Stages of Change [internet]. Available from: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newPPM_94.htm
1
Alvesson M, Sveningsson S. Changing Organizational Culture: Cultural Change Work in Progress. London, New York: Routledge; 2008. doi: 10.1177/13505076110420020603
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Todnem R. Organizational change management: a critical review. Journal of Change Management 2005; 5: 369–80. doi: 10.1080/14697010500359250
3
Vogel I. Report of Review of the Use of Theory of Change in International Development. The UK Department for International Development (DFID); 2012. p. 1-83.
4
Van Oosten EB. Intentional change theory at the organizational level: a case study. Journal of Management Development 2006; 25: 707–17. doi: 10.1108/02621710610678508
5
Peters T, Waterman RH. In Search of Excellence: Lessons from America’s Best-Run Companies. London: Harper and Row; 1982. doi: 10.7202/050045ar
6
Kanter RM. When Giants Learn to Dance: Mastering the Challenges of Strategy, Management and Careers in the 1990s. London: Unwin; 1989. doi: 10.5465/ame.1991.4274731
7
Pettigrew AM. The Politics of Organizational Decision Making. London: Tavistock; 1973.
8
Burnes B. Kurt Lewin and the planned approach to change: a re-appraisal. Journal of Management Studies 2004; 41: 977–1002. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6486.2004.00463.x
9
Kaminski J. Theory applied to informatics-Lewin’s change theory. Canadian Journal of Nursing Informatics [serial on the internet] 2011 Mar [cited 2013 Aug 12]; 6: [about 3 p.]. Available from: http://cjni.net/journal/?p=1210
10
Sligo F. Managing Change. New Zealand General Management Handbook, n.d [internet]. Available from: http://www.massey.ac.nz/massey/fms/Colleges/College of Business/Communication and Journalism/Staff/Staff research files/FSligo/Managing Change.pdf
11
Kritsonis A. Comparison of change theories. International Journal of Management, Business and Administration 2005; 8: 1–7.
12
Eriotis N, Stamatiadis F, Vasiliou D. Assessing accrual accounting reform in Greek public hospitals: an empirical investigation. International Journal of Economic Sciences and Applied Research 2011; 4: 153–84. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.1978671
13
Wynne A. Is the move to accrual base accounting a real priority for public sector accounting? [internet]. Available from: http://www2.accaglobal.com/doc/publicsector/ps_doc_009.pdf
14
Vasicek D, Roje G. Accounting system in Croatian public healthcare organizations: an empirical analysis. Theoretical and Applied Economics 2010; 6: 37–58.
15
Abolhalaj M, Ramezanian M, Bastani P. Accrual Accounting Accomplishments in Iranian Universities of Medical Sciences: A Mixed Method Study. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 2012; 12: 294–300.
16
CESIFO DICE. The Accrual Accounting in the Public Sector [internet]. 2007. Available from: http://www.cesifo-group.de/ifoHome/facts/DICE/Public-Sector/Public-Finance/Public-Expenditures/dicereport307-db1/fileBinary/dicereport307-db1.pdf
17
Bastani P, Abolhalaj M, Molania Jelodar H, Ramezanian M. Role of Accrual Accounting in Report Transparency and Accountability Promotion in Iranian Public Health Sector. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 2012; 12: 1097–101.
18
Christensen T, Christensen M. The implementation of a guideline of care for patients with a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube in situ in a general intensive care unit using transitional change theory. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2007; 23: 234–42. doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2006.05.004
19
Geraci EP. Computers in home care application of change theory. Compu Nurs 1997; 15: 199–203.
20
Bozak MG. Using Lewin’s force field analysis in implementing a nursing information system. Comput Inform Nurs 2003; 21: 80–5. Doi: 10.1097/00024665-200303000-00008
21
Mehrolhasani MH, Abolhalaj M, Nekoei Moghadam M, Dehnavieh R, Emami M. [Systematic review of examining the implementation of accrual accounting in public sector and health system: challenges and solutions]. Health Information Management 2013; 10: 33.
22
Ritiche J, Spencer L. Qualitative data analysis for applied policy research. In: Bryman A, Burgess RG, editors. Analyzing qualitative data. London: Routledge; 1994. p. 1–17. Doi: 10.4324/9780203413081_chapter_11
23
The President’s Office Deputy of Strategic Planning and Control Statistical Center of Iran. National Population and Housing Census [internet]. 2011. Available from: http://iran.unfpa.org/Documents/Census2011/2011 Census Selected Results - Eng.pdf
24
Khayatzadeh-Mahani A, Fotaki M, Harvey G. Priority setting and implementation in a centralized health system: a case study of Kerman province in Iran. Health Policy Plan 2013; 28: 480–94. doi: 10.1093/heapol/czs082
25
Breese R, Eyre G, Cogill P. Change Management-Practising what we Teach: Issues in Engaging International Students in Learning, Teaching and Assessment. Student Engagement and Experience Journal 2012; 1: 1–14. doi: 10.7190/seej.v1i1.35
26
McGarry D, Cashin A, Fowler C. Child and adolescent psychiatric nursing and the “plastic man”: Reflections on the implementation of change drawing insights from Lewin’s theory of planned change. Contem Nurse 2012; 41: 263–70. doi: 10.5172/conu.2012.978
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Avoidable Mortality Differences between Rural and Urban Residents During 2004–2011: A Case Study in Iran
Background Avoidable mortality as an indicator for assessing the health system performance has caught the attention of researchers for a long time. In this study we aimed to compare the health system performance using this indicator in rural and urban areas of one of Iran’s southern provinces. Methods All deaths (29916) which happened during 2004–2011 in Bushehr province were assessed. Nolte and McKee’s avoidable deaths model was used to distinguish avoidable and unavoidable conditions. Accordingly, all deaths were classified into four categories including three avoidable death categories and one unavoidable death category. STATA software was used to conduct Poisson Regression Test and age-standardized death rate. Results Findings showed that avoidable mortality rates declined in both urban and rural areas at 3.33% per year, but decline rates were influenced by Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) and preventable death categories to treatable death category. Annual decline rate for IHD category in rural and urban areas was nearly the same as 8%, but in preventable death category, rural areas experienced more decreases than urban ones (7% vs 5% respectively). However, decline rate in treatable mortality neither in urban and nor in rural areas was statistically significant. Conclusion Despite the annual decline in the rate of avoidable deaths, policy making initiatives especially screening and inter-sectoral measures targeting cause of deaths such as colon and breast cancers, hypertension, lung cancer and traffic accidents, can still further decrease avoidable deaths in both areas.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_2788_7b97bdf1a654d516f0428bdd919fe510.pdf
2013-11-15
287
293
10.15171/ijhpm.2013.58
Avoidable Death
Preventable Death
Avoidable Mortality
Habib
Omranikhoo
habibomranikho@yahoo.com
1
Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Abolghasem
Pourreza
abolghasemp@yahoo.com
2
Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hassan
Eftekhar Ardebili
eftkhara@tums.ac.ir
3
Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hassan
Heydari
4
Institute for Trade Studies and Research, Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbas
Rahimi Foroushani
rahimifo@tums.ac.ir
5
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Rutstein DD, Berenberg W, Chalmers TC, Child CGD, Fishman AP, Perrin EB. Measuring the quality of medical care. A clinical method. N Engl J Med 1976; 294: 582–8. doi: 10.1056/nejm197603112941104
1
Kossarova L, Holland W, Mossialos E. Avoidable’ mortality: a measure of health system performance in the Czech Republic and Slovakia between 1971 and 2008. Health Policy Plan 2013; 28: 508–25. doi: 10.1093/heapol/czs093
2
Vladescu C, Ciutan M, Mihaila V. The role of avoidable mortality in health assessment. Management in Health 2010; 14: 4–10. doi: 10.5233/mih.2010.0017
3
Niti M, Ng TP. Temporal trends and ethnic variations in amenable mortality in Singapore 1965-1994: the impact of health care in transition. Int J Epidemiol 2001; 30: 966–73. doi: 10.1093/ije/30.5.966
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Nolte E, McKee M. Variations in amenable mortality--trends in 16 high-income nations. Health Policy 2011; 103: 47–52. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2011.08.002
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Korda RJ, Bulter JRG. Effect of healthcare on mortality: trends in avoidable mortality in Australia and comparisons with Western Europe. Public Health 2006; 120: 95–105. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2005.07.006
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Ollandezos M, Constantinidis T, Athanasakis K, Lionis CH, Kyriopoulos J. Trends of mortality in Greece 1980-2007: a focus on avoidable mortality. Hippokratia 2011; 15: 330–4.
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Tobias M, Jackson G. Avoidable mortality in New Zealand, 1981-97. Aust N Z J Public Health 2001; 25: 12–20. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-842x.2001.tb00543.x
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Chung JI, Song YM, Choi JS, Kim BM. Trends in avoidable death over 20 years in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2008; 23: 975–81. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2008.23.6.975
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Andreev EM, Nolte E, Shkolnikov VM, Varavikova E, Mckee M. The evolving pattern of avoidable mortality in Russia. Int J Epidemiol 2003; 32: 437–46 .
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Burcin B. Avoidable Mortality in the Czech Republic in 1990-2006. Czech Demography 2009; 3: 64–78.
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Newey C, Nolte E, McKee M, Mosialos E. Avoidable mortality in the enlarged European Union. Brussels: ISS; 2004.
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Korda RJ, Butler JRG, Clements MS, Kunitz SJ. Differential impacts of health care in Australia: trend analysis of socioeconomic inequalities in avoidable mortality. Int J Epidemiol 2007; 36: 157–65. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyl282
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Macinko J, Elo IT. Black-white differences in avoidable mortality in the USA, 1980-2005. J Epidemiol Community Health 2009; 63: 715–21. doi: 10.1136/jech.2008.081141
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Khosravi A, Taylor R, Naghavi M, Lopez AD. Mortality in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1964-2004. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85: 607–14. doi: 10.2471/blt.06.038802
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World Bank Report. Islamic Republic of Iran: Health Sector Review. The World Bank Group Human Development Sector, Middle East and North Africa; 2007. Report No.: 39970.
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Lankarani KB, Alavian SM, Peymani P. Health in the Islamic Republic of Iran, challenges and progresses. Med J Islam Republic Iran 2013; 27: 42–9.
17
Mehryar AH, Aghajanian A, Ahmad-Nia S, Mirzae M, Naghavi M. Primary Health Care System, Narrowing of Rural–Urban Gap in Health Indicators, and Rural Poverty Reduction: The Experience of Iran [internet]. Available from: http://iussp2005.princeton.edu/papers/50790
18
Mehryar A. Primary Health Care and the Rural Poor in the Islamic Republic of Iran [internet]. Available from: http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/reducingpoverty/case/22/fullcase/iran%20rural%20healthcare%20full%20case.pdf
19
Khosravi A, Rao C, Naghavi M, Taylor R, Jafari N, Lopez AD. Impact of misclassification on measures of cardiovascular disease mortality in the Islamic Republic of Iran: a cross-sectional study. Bull World Health Organ 2008; 86: 688–96. doi: 10.2471/blt.07.046532
20
Iran’s statistic center. census report of year 2011 [internet]. Available From: http://www.amar.org.ir
21
Nolte E, McKee M. Does health care save lives? Avoidable mortality revisited. London: The Nuffield Trust; 2004.
22
James PD, Manuel DG, Mao Y. Avoidable mortality across Canada from 1975 to 1999. BMC Public Health 2006; 6: 137.
23
Piers LS, Carson NJ, Brown K, Ansari Z. Avoidable mortality in Victoria between 1979 and 2001. Aust N Z J Public Health 2007; 31: 5–12. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.2007.00002.x
24
Wheller L, Baker A, Griffiths C, Rooney C. Trends in avoidable mortality in England and Wales, 1993-2005. Health Stat Q 2007; 13: 6–25
25
Malekzadeh MM, Etemadi A, Kamangar F, Khademi H, Golozar A, Islami F, et al. Prevalence, awareness and risk factors of hypertension in a large cohort of Iranian adult population. J Hypertens 2013; 31: 1364–71. doi: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e3283613053
26
Iran health outlook [internet]. Available from: http://behdasht.gov.ir/uploads/291_1041_simayei-salamat.pdf
27
Statistical Yearbook of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences and Health Services [internet]. Available from: http://www.bpums.ac.ir/fa/DynPages-cat-102.htm
28
Tavoosi A, Zaferani A, Enzevaei A, Tajik P, Ahmadinezhad Z. Knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS among Iranian students. BMC Public Health 2004; 4: 17. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-4-17
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Senior Managers’ Viewpoints Toward Challenges of Implementing Clinical Governance: A National Study in Iran
Background Quality improvement should be assigned as the main mission for healthcare providers. Clinical Governance (CG) is used not only as a strategy focusing on responding to public and government’s intolerance of poor healthcare standards, but also it is implemented for quality improvement in a number of countries. This study aims to identify the key contributing factors in the implementation process of CG from the viewpoints of senior managers in curative deputies of Medical Universities in Iran. Methods A quantitative method was applied via a questionnaire distributed to 43 senior managers in curative deputies of Iran Universities of Medical Sciences. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results Analysis revealed that a number of items were important in the successful implementation of CG from the senior managers’ viewpoints. These items included: knowledge and attitude toward CG, supportive culture, effective communication, teamwork, organizational commitment, and the support given by top managers. Medical staff engagement in CG implementation process, presence of an official position for CG officers, adequate resources, and legal challenges were also regarded as important factors in the implementation process. Conclusion Knowledge about CG, organizational culture, managerial support, ability to communicate goals and strategies, and the presence of effective structures to support CG, were all related to senior managers’ attitude toward CG and ultimately affected the success of quality improvement activities.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_2794_4b8e0741e48a1fe5b95325702d93263f.pdf
2013-11-23
295
299
10.15171/ijhpm.2013.59
Attitude
Clinical Governance
Quality
Senior Managers
Viewpoints
Hamid
Ravaghi
ravaghih@gmail.com
1
Health Management and Economics Research Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Peigham
Heidarpoor
pheidarpoormd@yahoo.com
2
Department of Hospital Management, Clinical Governance Office, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Maryam
Mohseni
maryammohseni@yahoo.com
3
Department of Community Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Sima
Rafiei
sima.rafie@gmail.com
4
Department of Management and Health Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Bengoa R, Kawar R, Key P, Leatherman S, Saturno P. Quality of care. A process for making strategic choices in health systems. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2006.
1
Davies H, Mannion, R. Clinical governance: striking a balance between checking and trusting. In: Smith P, editor. Reforming Health Care Markets: An economic perspective. Buckingham: Open University Press; 2000. p. 247–67.
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Scaly G, Donaldson L. Clinical governance and the drive for quality improvement in the NHS in England. BMJ 1998; 317: 61–5. doi: 10.1136/bmj.317.7150.61
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Degeling P, Maxwell S, Iedema R, Hunter D. Making clinical governance work. BMJ 2004; 329: 679–82. doi: 10.1136/bmj.329.7467.679
4
Jafari GH, Khalifeh Gari S, Danaie Kh. Hospital Accreditation Standards in Iran. Tehran: Ministry of Health and Medical Educationr; 2011. p. 1–3.
5
Ravaghi H, Heidarpour P, Mohseni M, Mostofian F, Rafiei S, Dastjerdi R. Clinical Governance Report. Tehran: Ministry of Health and Medical Education; 2010.
6
Mcmahon R. Clinical Governance: evaluation and intuition. J Nurs Manag 1999; 7: 315–6. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2834.1999.07315.x
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Hogan H, Basnett I, McKee M. Consultants’ attitude to clinical governance: Barriers and incentives to engagement. J Public Health 2007; 121: 614–22. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2006.12.013
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Dawson P, Palmer G. Quality management: the theory and practice of implementing change. Melborne: Longman; 1995.
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14
Masters RJ. Overcoming Barriers To TQM’s Success. Quality Progress 2006; 29: 53–5.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Fiscal Decentralization on Under-five Mortality in Iran: A Panel Data Analysis
Background Fiscal Decentralization (FD) in many cases is encouraged as a strong means of improving the efficiency and equity in the provision of public goods, such as healthcare services. This issue has urged the researchers to experimentally examine the relationship between fiscal decentralization indicators and health outcomes. In this study we examine the effect of Fiscal Decentralization in Medical Universities (FDMU) and Fiscal Decentralization in Provincial Revenues (FDPR) on Under-Five Mortality Rate (U5M) in provinces of Iran over the period between 2007 and 2010. Methods We employed panel data methods in this article. The results of the Pesaran CD test demonstrated that most of the variables used in the analysis were cross-sectionally dependent. The Hausman test results suggested that fixed-effects were more appropriate to estimate our model. We estimated the fixed-effect model by using Driscoll-Kraay standard errors as a remedy for cross-sectional dependency. Results According to the findings of this research, fiscal decentralization in the health sector had a negative impact on U5M. On the other hand, fiscal decentralization in provincial revenues had a positive impact on U5M. In addition, U5M had a negative association with the density of physicians, hospital beds, and provincial GDP per capita, but a positive relationship with Gini coefficient and unemployment. Conclusion The findings of our study indicated that fiscal decentralization should be emphasized in the health sector. The results suggest the need for caution in the implementation of fiscal decentralization in provincial revenues.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_2795_4d036a6cb3b76cc8130c4c250fc580f0.pdf
2013-11-27
301
306
10.15171/ijhpm.2013.60
Fiscal Decentralization
Under-five Mortality
Panel Data
Fixed and Random Effects
Iran
Ali Hussein
Samadi
asamadi@ros.shirazu.ac.ir
1
Department of Economics, School of Economics, Management and Social Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Keshtkaran
keshtkaa@sums.ac.ir
2
School of Management and Medical Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zahra
Kavosi
zkavosi@yahoo.com
3
School of Management and Medical Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Sajad
Vahedi
vahedi.s3@gmail.com
4
School of Management and Medical Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Uchimura H, Jütting JP. Fiscal Decentralization, Chinese Style: Good for Health Outcomes? World Dev 2009; 37: 1926–34. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.06.007
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Can Social Contagion Help Global Health ‘Jump the Shark’?; Comment on “How to Facilitate Social Contagion?”
The instrumental use of social networks has become a central tenet of international health policy and advocacy since the Millennium project. In asking, ‘How to facilitate social contagion?’, Karl Blanchet of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine therefore reflects not only on the recent success, but also hints to growing challenges; the tactics of partnerships, alliances and platforms no longer seem to be delivering at the same rate and maybe reversing. A better understanding of how social networks work may therefore be needed to strengthen a tactical instrument that has been used to remarkable recent effect. But in focusing on the unbounded rhetoric and narrative options of Global Health, the danger will surely be on missing the fundamental factors constraining network growth. Future growth will depend on understanding these constraints, and Global Health may do well to think of social networks not only instrumentally, but also analytically in terms of the strategic contexts and environments in which such instruments are deployed.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_2789_5ec89153040c30c166d739831c54ed2d.pdf
2013-11-16
307
310
10.15171/ijhpm.2013.61
Health Systems
Social Network Analysis
Network Theory
Health Co-Production
Michael Grant
Rhodes
orreryconsulting@gmail.com
1
Orrery Consulting, Prins Hendrikkade 160, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
LEAD_AUTHOR
Rhodes MG. A network based theory of health systems and cycles of well-being. International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2013; 1: 7–17. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2013.03
1
Blanchet K. Governance of health systems; comment on “A network based theory of health systems and cycles of well-Being”. International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2013; 1: 177–9. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2013.31
2
Blanchet K. How to facilitate social contagion? International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2013; 1: 189–92. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2013.35
3
Chen A. Facebook viral marketing: When and why do apps “jump the shark?” [internet]. Available from: http://andrewchen.co/2008/03/05/facebook-viral-marketing-when-and-why-do-apps-jump-the-shark/
4
Coleman J, Katz E, Menzel H. The Diffusion of an Innovation among Physicians. Sociometry 1957; 20: 253–70. doi: 10.2307/2785979
5
Piot P, Feachem RG, Lee JW, Wolfensohn JD. Public health. A global response to AIDS: lessons learned, next steps. Science 2004; 304: 1909-10. doi: 10.1126/science.1101137
6
Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation. Financing Global Health 2012: The End of the Golden Age? [internet]. 2012. Available from http://www.healthmetricsandevaluation.org/publications/policy-report/financing-global-health-2012-end-golden-age
7
Katz IT, Bassett IV, Wright AA. PEPFAR in transition--implications for HIV care in South Africa. N Engl J Med 2013; 369: 1385–7. doi: 10.1056/nejmp1310982
8
Frenk J. Governance Challenges in Global Health. N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 936–42. doi: 10.1056/nejmra1109339
9
Drummond M, O’Brien B, Stoddart G, Torrance G. Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes. Oxford: Medical Publications; 1997. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1099-176x(199903)2:1<43::aid-mhp36>3.0.co;2-7
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13
Anagnostopoulos A, Kumar R, Mahdian M. Influence and Correlation in Social Networks. Proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD). Las Vegas: ACM; August 2008. doi: 10.1145/1401890.1401897
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17
Duhl L.The social entrepreneurship of change. New York: Pace University Press; 1990.
18
NHS. Co-production for health: a new model for a radically new world [internet]. 2011. Available from: www.sph.nhs.uk/sph-documents/local-government-colloquium-report
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22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Financial Incentives: Only One Piece of the Workplace Wellness Puzzle; Comment on “Corporate Wellness Programs: Implementation Challenges in the Modern American Workplace”
In this commentary, we argue that financial incentives are only one of many key components that employers should consider when designing and implementing a workplace wellness program. Strategies such as social encouragement and providing token rewards may also be effective in improving awareness and engagement. Should employers choose to utilize financial incentives, they should tailor them to the goals for the program as well as the targeted behaviors and health outcomes.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_2791_c3322d2e517f61e6c6508f3e609b7345.pdf
2013-11-16
311
312
10.15171/ijhpm.2013.62
Workplace
Wellness Programs
Health and Wellness Promotion
Life-Style Management
Incentives
Employees
Kristin
Van Busum
vanbusum@rand.org
1
RAND Health Advisory Services, RAND Corporation, Boston, MA, USA
AUTHOR
Soeren
Mattke
mattke@rand.org
2
RAND Health Advisory Services, RAND Corporation, Boston, MA, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mujtaba BG, Cavico FJ. Corporate wellness programs: implementation challenges in the modern American workplace. International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2013; 1: 193–9. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2013.36
1
Osilla KC, Van Busum K, Schnyer C, Larkin JW, Eibner C, Mattke S. Systematic review of the impact of worksite wellness programs.Am J Manag Care 2012; 18: e68–81.
2
Mattke S, Hangsheng L, Caloyeras JP, Huang CY, Van Busum KR, Khodyakov D, et al. Workplace wellness programs study. RAND Corporation [internet]. 2013. Available from: http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/13/WorkplaceWellness/rpt_wellness.pdf
3
Anderko L, Roffenbender JS, Goetzel RZ, Millard F, Wildenhaus K, Desantis C, et al. Promoting prevention through the affordable care act: workplace wellness. Prev Chronic Dis 2012; 9: E175. doi: 10.5888/pcd9.120092
4
Loeppke R, Taitel M, Haufle V, Parry T, Kessler RC, Jinnett K. Health and productivity as a business strategy: a multiemployer study. J Occup Environ Med 2009; 51: 411–28. doi: 10.1097/jom.0b013e3181a39180
5
Schmidt H. Wellness incentives, equity, and the 5 groups problem.Am J Public Health 2012; 102: 49–54. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2011.300348
6
Klautzer L, Mattke S, Greenberg M. Can we legally pay people for being good? A review of current federal and state law on wellness program incentives. Inquiry 2012; 49: 268–77. doi: 10.5034/inquiryjrnl_49.03.03
7
Federal Register. Incentives for Nondiscriminatory Wellness Programs in Group Health Plans [internet]. 2012. Available from: https://www.federalregister.gov/regulations/1210-AB55/incentives-for-nondiscriminatory-wellness-programs-in-group-health-plans
8
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Ethical Standards to Guide the Development of Obesity Policies and Programs; Comment on “Ethical Agreement and Disagreement about Obesity Prevention Policy in the United States”
The recent report by Barnhill and King about obesity prevention policy raises important issues for discussion and analysis. In response, this article raises four points for further consideration. First, a distinction between equality and justice needs to be made and consistently maintained. Second, different theories of justice highlight one additional important source of disagreement about the ethical propriety of the proposed obesity prevention policies. Third, another point of contention arises with respect to different understandings of the principle of respect for autonomy due to its often-mistaken equation with simple, unfettered freedom. Finally, based on a more robust definition of autonomy, the key issues in obesity prevention policies can be suitably re-framed in terms of whether they advance just social conditions that enable people to realize human capabilities to the fullest extent possible.
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_2790_cb77c476503e921355119b08b5fbaaa1.pdf
2013-11-16
313
315
10.15171/ijhpm.2013.63
Obesity Prevention
Public Health Ethics
Autonomy
Positive and Negative Liberty
Equality
Justice
Capabilities
David
Buchanan
buchanan@schoolph.umass.edu
1
School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Barnhill A, King K. Ethical agreement and disagreement about obesity prevention policy in the United States. International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2013; 1: 117–20. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2013.21
1
Cohen-Cole E, Fletcher JM. Is obesity contagious? Social networks vs. environmental factors in the obesity epidemic. J Health Econ 2008; 27: 1382–7. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2008.04.005
2
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Mill JS. On Liberty. 2nd edition. Mineola, New York: Dover Publication; 1859.
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Buchanan D. Autonomy, paternalism and justice: ethical priorities in public health. Am J Public Health 2008; 98: 15–21.
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Dworkin G. The Theory and Practice of Autonomy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1998. doi: 10.1017/s0031819100044363
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Frankfurt H. Necessity, Volition and Love. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1999. doi: 10.1017/S0012217300018758
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Wilkinson R. Unhealthy Societies: The Afflictions of Inequality. New York: Routledge; 1996. doi: 10.4324/9780203421680
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Dworkin G. Justice for Hedgehogs. Cambridge: Belknap Press; 2011. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-3881.2012.00237.x
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Knight C. Luck egalitarianism: Equality, Responsibility and Justice. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 2009. doi: 10.1017/s0266267111000095
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Ruger JP. Health and Social Justice. New York: Oxford University Press; 2012. doi: 10.1017/S1537592712000515
20
Dawson A, Verweij M. Smoke gets in your eyes: Offence, harm and the good life. Public Health Ethics 2010; 3: 89–90. doi: 10.1093/phe/phq018
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Sticking with Carrots and Sticks (Sticking Points Aside): A Response to Ventakapuram, Goldberg, and Forrow
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_2784_3657c14ad7b113e8210b06340b54158c.pdf
2013-10-26
317
318
10.15171/ijhpm.2013.64
Obesity
Patient Compliance
Refusal to Treat
Doctor-Patient Relationship
Carrots and Sticks
Whole-Population Approach
Nir
Eyal
nir.eyal@rutgers.edu
1
Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Venkatapuram S. There are many purposes for conditional incentives to accessing healthcare; Comment on “Denial of treatment to obese patients—the wrong policy on personal responsibility for health”. International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2013; 1: 235–6. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2013.46
1
Goldberg DS. The errors of individualistic public health interventions: denial of treatment to obese persons; Comment on “Denial of treatment to obese patients—the wrong policy on personal responsibility for health”. International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2013; 1: 237–8. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2013.47
2
Forrow L. A doctor’s first, and last, responsibility is to care; Comment on “Denial of treatment to obese patients—the wrong policy on personal responsibility for health”. International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2013; 1: 239–40. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2013.48
3
Eyal N. Denial of treatment to obese patients—the wrong policy on personal responsibility for health. International Journal of Health Policy and Management 2013; 1: 107–10. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2013.18
4
Eyal N. Why treat noncompliant patients? Beyond the decent minimum account. J Med Philos 2011; 36: 572-88. doi: 10.1093/jmp/jhr051
5
Wendler D. Are physicians obligated always to act in the patient’s best interests? J Med Ethics 2010; 36: 66–70. Doi: 10.1136/jme.2009.033001
6
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Do We Know What We Do not Know? A Response to Celine Bonnet
https://www.ijhpm.com/article_2793_adf5b373f1fa89e8e8c7be53e5613d33.pdf
2013-11-01
319
320
10.15171/ijhpm.2013.65
Food Taxes
Obesity
Eating Behaviour
Isabelle
Moncarey
iskemoncarey@hotmail.com
1
Artevelde University College, University of Ghent, Belgium
AUTHOR
Sofie
Van den Abeele
vda.sofie@gmail.com
2
Artevelde University College, University of Ghent, Belgium
AUTHOR
Ignaas
Devisch
ignaas.devisch@ugent.be
3
Artevelde University College, University of Ghent, Belgium
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kim D, Kwachi I. Food taxation and pricing strategies to “Thin Out” the obesity epidemic. Am J Prev Med 2006; 30: 430–7. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.12.007
1
Capacci S, Mazzocchi M, Shankar B, Macias JB, Verbeke W, Pérez-Cueto FJ, et al. Policies to promote healthy eating in Europe: a structured review of policies and their effectiveness. Nutr Rev 2012; 70: 188–200. Doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00442.x
2
Carson T, Hidalgo B, Ard J, Affuso O. Dietary Interventions and Quality of Life: A systematic Review of the Literature. J Nutr Educ Behav 2013; S1499–4046 (13) 00629–5.
3
McKenzie S, Harris M. Understanding the relationship between stress, distress and healthy lifestyle behaviour: a qualitative study of patients and general practitioners. BMC Fam Pract 2013; 14: 166. doi: 10.1186/1471-2296-14-166
4
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